How to Study For Your IELTS General Writing Test

<h1>How to Study For Your IELTS General Writing Test</h1><p>The second step in getting ready for your IELTS General Writing Test is to ensure that you truly comprehend the motivation behind every one of the two models that you are given. This doesn't imply that you should skirt the training questions however you should peruse the model and ensure that you know precisely what you should do. Something that you have to recollect is that the example models are intended to exhibit certain things, and on the off chance that you find that you are befuddled about anything in the example, at that point there is a decent possibility that you will be confounded on the genuine test.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise need to set aside some effort to take a gander at the example cautiously and distinguish what regions you have to contemplate. You may have your best answers retained however these answers may not be sufficient to get you through the example. On the off chance that you can't address any inquiries effectively, at that point you won't have the option to get passed the IELTS General Writing task 2 exposition examples.</p><p></p><p>So you have to take as much time as necessary when you are investigating your IELTS General Writing Sample. It won't be some time before you end up experiencing difficulty recollecting what the issues should be in the IELTS General Writing Task 2 Sample that you are inspecting. It is extremely simple to become disappointed when you find that you can't discover a response to an inquiry and you simply need to quit perusing until you get it.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that you have to recollect is that the IELTS General Writing Sample is only a little piece of the test. The general structure of the test is totally different starting with one area then onto the next. You should survey this material before you begin handling the segments that identify with your center area.</p><p></p><p>Before you begin contemplating the two models that you are given, ensure that you really comprehend what they should do. You will find that this will make it a lot simpler to concentrate on the work that you have to do so as to address each address. At the point when you realize what the models should do, you won't have any issues recollecting what to do next.</p><p></p><p>To help with this, you should think about the things that you have to recall. An extraordinary method to make sense of this data is to consider the manners in which that you utilize ordinary. For instance, you may have figured out how to make some espresso at home, however you may overlook how to gauge cups of water or the specific amount of salt in salt shakers.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to recollect is to utilize 'memory royal residences'. This sort of hardware causes it with the goal that you to can 'play' a game that utilizes a bit of paper to get you to 'recall' the right data. You are going to put the paper before you are going to draw lines with a pencil and to assist you with recollecting the data you will need to utilize a memory royal residence. Meanwhile you will have the option to utilize this instrument to 'learn' the right answer.</p><p></p><p>After you have got done with perusing the two IELTS General Writing task 2 example and utilized the memory royal residence, you will be prepared to begin taking a shot at the genuine inquiries. The best thing about this kind of technique is that it will give you the inclination that you are really learning and that you are learning the privilege way.</p>

What You Dont Know About Best Gaming Research Paper Topics

<h1> What You Don't Know About Best Gaming Research Paper Topics </h1> <h2> Most Noticeable Best Gaming Research Paper Topics</h2> <p>By method for instance, in school, you may be mentioned to make a paper from the contradicting perspective. The other point is to make utilization of proper advances between various models offered in the body of a specific article paper. Considering the previously mentioned, how about we consider some fascinating examination paper points and recommendations for your exploration paper. In case you're keeping watch for a superb case of an exploratory research paper, your school's library is a critical spot to look. </p> <p>Computer-supported structure of prosthetics is incredibly encouraging. The paper design additionally should be right and as expressed by the guidance of the coach or teacher. Any prevalent research paper requires significantly additional time than a standard exposition or lab report. In time you will find how it is conceivable to compose your own one of a kind high fantastic paper, which is incredibly clear and easy. </p> <p>Essays on design papers likewise have a basic influence available for giving data on the most up to date patterns and style. In the occasion in case you're new to compose design exposition papers and don't have any information on it, we can help you. You may likewise wish to check at a couple of instances of value exploratory research papers. You'll likewise comprehend what style is genuinely about when composing design article papers. </p> <p>Gathering Information You require the best sources accessible to complete an elegantly composed research paper on chemical imbalance. Research is a basic part of for all intents and purposes each calling. Globalization is in its stature, in this manner we give a valiant effort to have the option to remain educated pretty much all contemporary inclinations of the company.</p> <p>The expressed research points might be utilized among others to consider intriguing examination papers. In the event that you haven't ev er composed an exploration previously, it's vastly improved to get a specialist help. It is essential to verify that your exploration doesn't have any literary theft and such mistakes as they could be used to punish you. Your examination will at long last have a stream. </p> <p>DNA examination and hereditary qualities additionally have become PC situated over the most recent twenty decades. Following your rich research, presently you can proceed onward to drafting a layout alongside all the regions and significant data you may have experience. You can continue and gap the investigation into expressions to check at each viewpoint definitely. You can do inquire about in various different manners. </p> <p>Therefore, when you are getting readied to make the style exposition papers, it's extremely fundamental to ensure that you're thinking about the prerequisites of a wide range of people and talking about the theme in the right way. When you settle on a particular theme, stage one is to form into an expert in the territory. A fantastic paper subject should be intriguing and should fuse a unique thought or position attempt to forestall buzzword themes which will probably exhaust your peruser. There are a great deal of themes that it is conce ivable to choose from in the territory of music. </p> <p>The layout can assist you with arranging your work in that you're currently ready to comprehend where to make your presentation, substance, and end. The featured tips are sure to flexibly you with a generally excellent research subject and paper. Picking one of our recommended subjects will empower you to initiate composing a flourishing examination paper.</p> <p>To pick a theme from general brain science, you ought to pick any subject you appreciate and afterward start narrowing it down. After the subject is picked, it is useful to make a diagram so you could see whether you have adequate data for good-organized research paper. Therefore, it ought to be far from being obviously true! Frequently, the perfect point is one which you genuinely care about, however you likewise should prepare to inquire about it.</p>

The Best Essay Topics For a College Essay

<h1>The Best Essay Topics For a College Essay</h1><p>In request to compose an amazing exposition, you have to know the best article points. The subjects of this topic will include your present scholarly achievement or if nothing else what has been going on in your life and how it has affected your scholastic accomplishment. It is anything but difficult to choose topic for a College Essay on the off chance that you know about the past and its significance in the future.</p><p></p><p>You must have the option to explain why you got where you are and how you arrived. You can likewise talk about the future objectives and interests of the person. The thoughts you will compose will be significant and applicable to the essay.</p><p></p><p>When you make the last part out of the paper, ensure that you will contemplate the theme. This can help in building your validity as an article author. So as to ensure that you are making int elligent contentions, you ought to make your own examination and data. On the off chance that you plan on utilizing assets to get you thoughts, ensure that you have perused them all.</p><p></p><p>Essays can in some cases be composed excessively quick. The better answer is the one that is given toward the finish of the paper. This implies you should offer a response that will be reliable all through the paper. At times the subject might be exhausting yet you can generally offer some new edge and understanding to it.</p><p></p><p>By giving a solid and key contention toward the finish of the article, you will have demonstrated that you have thought of a wide range of viewpoints and set aside some effort to evaluate every one of them. Individuals who can give savvy and all around considered reactions to every one of the articles they plan will get an incredible reputation.</p><p></p><p>Before you compose your paper, you ought to have a thought of the subject you need to expound on. On the off chance that you know how the theme identifies with yourself, you can utilize the point to assist you with figuring the best exposition topics.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous reasons why you would need to pick the best article subjects. It is anything but difficult to pick the subject that would most characterize your present circumstance, yet will likewise have the option to give you how you will impact your future success.</p>

Essay Writing Paper - How to Write an Essay

Essay Writing Paper - How to Write an EssayWriting an essay is not as simple as writing a report or research. Although the format of writing an essay is similar to that of report writing, essays need more input and decision-making by the writer. Essays also are typically longer in length than research papers, which makes it difficult to write an essay. Even those who are technically talented can have trouble writing an essay.The reason for this difficulty is that an essay requires a lot of thought and consideration to make it great. The essay needs to be well-written, but it must be considered to be comprehensive. Many readers will be expecting the essay to be interesting, informative, and well-researched. Although many writers feel that they should be able to come up with something new on the spot, this often leads to poor quality essays.In order to keep the reader's attention, writers need to follow a few rules. First, the essay needs to start out with an idea. The idea of the essa y is to prompt the reader to find a solution to the problem presented in the essay. Some writers may want to add an introduction, but more often than not, the introduction is unnecessary.The first thing the writer needs to do is to explain the main problem and then determine why the problem exists. Another way to start an essay is to make a thesis statement. This is the point of the essay, which often brings readers back to the beginning to find out what is at the root of the problem.A summary of the problem is another good idea to bring the reader back to the beginning. After this summary, the writer can continue on to present possible solutions, which are a series of ideas that could help the reader come up with a solution. Once the solutions are presented, the essay can then be complete.There are a few ways that writers can improve their writing skills when writing an essay. The writer should consider making sure that their sentences are clear, without unnecessary words or phrase s, and that they use the right word or phrase. They should also make sure that their sentence structure is proper.They should also practice their grammar and spelling before using them in an actual writing assignment. Writers who are able to convey ideas in an essay will have an advantage over those who are less skilled. The essay is also known to help the writer to prepare themselves for further studies or careers.In order to write an essay well, the writer should practice doing it as often as possible. Many writers have difficulty writing an essay, but with practice, they will eventually be able to get it right. The best way to practice is to take a writing class. These classes usually have writing assignments to help the student work on their skills and develop better writing skills.

Easy Essay Topics

Easy Essay TopicsThere are many different ways to write an essay topic for the SAT, and the best thing about each topic is that they can be used in almost any situation. Let's take a look at some of the most popular topics and what you should consider when writing your essay.The most popular of the essay topics is of course one on economics, but there are many other choices. One choice that is becoming very popular is one on the history of the United States. What is interesting about this topic is that it has absolutely no political or partisan bias, making it an excellent choice for the SAT.In fact, economics is one of the most attractive subjects, because it is so relevant to the world we live in today. Therefore, it can be used to promote the idea that our society can make things better, and you will want to use it to give your own opinion. Make sure you follow these steps to make sure that you do not overwhelm your audience by writing on an area that is too broad.There are many o ther topics that can be written on, and each topic has its main themes. In this case, the subject may be American or European history, or perhaps a question on America's culture. Whatever your topic, make sure that it is one that is related to the subject of the essay.While it is important to discuss the syllabus, remember that if you have taken the test before, your coursework will be reviewed. In some cases, you may be given the option to modify or even completely change your coursework.One of the easiest essay topics is one on popular culture. Many people will be familiar with the first movie that they see and therefore may want to review this topic. Of course, if the topics onthese topics are too broad, then it may not be appropriate.Overall, the easiest of the popular essay topics is obviously economics. It does not require too much research, and it can be easily used in any situation.

Values vs Ethics in Counselling Homosexual in Africa Free Essays

VALUES VERSUS ETHICS IN COUNSELLING HOMOSEXUAL DONE BY: SOUD TENGAH BA COUNSELLING MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY DATE: NOVEMBER 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Introduction 3 Definitions 3 Origin of Homosexuality 4 Stages of Homosexuality 7 Counselling Homosexual 8 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 13 2 INTRODUCTION Homosexuality is an issue that has often been challenging to counsellors mainly due to lack of in depth information on the issues or personal values that majority of therapist hold dear to themselves. Although counselling services has been rendered to this cluster of people there are number of issues which still emerge as a conflict to some counsellors. Core of this essay is try to find answers for counsellors who struggle in counselling homosexual due to their existing values versus counselling ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Values vs Ethics in Counselling Homosexual in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition this essay attempt to unravel some of definitions on sexuality; origin of homosexuality and stages of homosexuality. The essay will also give a personal conclusion on counselling homosexual in relation to individual values. DEFINITIONS Sexual Orientation According to the American Psychological Association, (2008) sexual orientation is enduring and also refers to a person’s sense of â€Å"personal and social identity on those attractions, behaviours expressing them, and membership in a community of others who share them. There are three main classification of sexual orientation: homosexual; heterosexual and bisexual. Homosexuality An attraction to and involvement with members of one’s own sex, usually including sexual relations (Feltham Dryden, 2004) Gay generally refers to male homosexuality, and lesbian refers only to female homosexuality (Sanders Kroll, 2000). Heterosexual Is an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affection, physical or romantic attractions primarily to persons of the opposite sex (American Psychological Association, 2008). Sexual orientation which one is attracted to involved with members of the opposite sex (Feltham Dryden, 2004). 3 Bisexuality Bisexuality is sexual attitude and behaviour which is neither exclusively heterosexual nor exclusively homosexual. (Feltham Dryden, 2004) Asexual People who have a distinct but not exclusive preference for one sex over the other may also identify themselves as bisexual. Bogaert, 2006) Homophobia According to Sanders and Kroll (2000) is an irrational fear, intolerance, or hatred of gay men and lesbians. Heterosexism Is defined as â€Å"a belief in the inherent superiority of one form of loving (male with female) over all others and thereby the right to cultural dominance† (Sanders Kroll, 2000). ORIGIN OF HOMOSEXUALITY An indisputable and universal fac t about humanity is that every-one owes their existence to the union between their father and mother. This forms the basis for the family, the social unit of society. However, homosexual behaviour also has been known to be present in some societies throughout history in varying degrees of prevalence. According to Hubbard, (1993) over the past thirty years or so, such homosexuality behaviour has become increasingly mainstream and open. Varying theories that have been proposed to explain the genesis of homosexuality. However, this essay will focus on brief description of four theories in order to demonstrate the different angles from which the topic has been tackled. Psychoanalysis theory According to Freud (1953) believed that all humans were born bisexual in nature, and from this state, as a result of restriction in one direction or the other, both heterosexuality and homosexuality developed. He also made the distinction between two types of homosexual (or ‘invert’) those who are like women, seeking masculine men, and others who seek feminine qualities in their partners. Some individuals may 4 display predominantly one type of inversion or the other, whereas others might display a certain amount of both types of inversion. Different causal factors were therefore suspected for the two. Freud realised that the aetiology of homosexuality was complex, and suspected that â€Å"the choice between ‘innate’ and ‘acquired’ is not an exclusive one, or . . . it does not cover all the issues involved† (Freud ,1953) In his teaching Freud, (1953) claimed that all homosexual men have unresolved pre-oedipal conflicts, that is, they did not successfully negotiate the separation-individuation phase of early childhood. In this way, early childhood stress leads to obligatory, exclusive homosexuality, whereas stress in the later oedipal phase leads to partial, non-obligatory homosexuality. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association decided to drop homosexuality (per se) from the diagnostic nomenclature. It should be noted that Freud himself had maintained that â€Å"it is not scientifically feasible to draw a line of demarcation between what is psychically normal or abnormal; so that the distinction, in spite of its practical importance, possesses only a conventional value. † (Frediani, 2000) Many of the case studies described have looked for specific aspects in an individual’s environment during development which can lead to adult homosexuality. Such reports have commonly found one or more of the following factors to be unusual in some respect in the childhood of homosexuals: parental hopes before birth for a child of the other sex; difficulties at birth; slight anatomical differences between identical twins leading to a special attachment of one child or the other to their mother; parental attitude toward the role of the individual child, disclosed through the naming of the child; the position of the father in the family; strength of the relationship between father and child; competition for the affections of the mother; and, a ‘twinning reaction’ or mutual dependence between twins, especially noticeable in identical pairs (Frediani, 2000) Genetic theory According to Kallmann (1952), reported a one hundred percent concordance in identical twins for homosexuality, and only twelve percent concordance in fraternal twins (identical twins result from a fertilised egg splitting in half and each half continues to grow as an embryo. Thus, the identical twins have an identical genetic code. Fraternal twins do not have identical genetic codes as each twin arises from different fertilised eggs). Subsequent studies have failed to repeat Kallman’s findings. Kallman later 5 himself postulated that this impressive concordance was an artefact due to the fact his sample was largely drawn from mentally ill, institutionalized patients (Kallaman, 1952). In summary, it is difficult to reach conclusions from twin studies published to date. Most studies have a small sample size and/or contain technical flaws in study design and methodology. Some studies suggest a genetic basis, while others do not. As Byne and Parsons (1993) what is intriguing in twin studies that have been published is the large proportion of identical twins that are discordant for homosexuality despite sharing not only their genes but also their prenatal and familial environments. Hormonal Studies There is also a popular belief that sexual preference is determined by hormone levels. Ellis and Ames (1987) have proposed gestational neurohormonal theory of human sexual orientation, which deals with the genesis of heterosexuality as well as homosexuality. They propose that sexual orientation is primarily determined by the degree to which the nervous system is exposed to testosterone, estradiol, and to certain other sex hormones while neuro-organization is taking place, predominantly between the middle of the second and the end of the fifth month of gestation. According to this theory, â€Å"complex combinations of genetic, hormonal, neurological, and environmental factors operating prior to birth largely determine what an individual’s (adult) sexual orientation will be. † This theory makes many testable predictions, e. g. that homosexuality should primarily be a male phenomenon, that homosexuals should have higher frequencies of other sexual inversions than heterosexuals, that relationships between parents and homosexual offspring may be strained and/or assume some cross-sex characteristics, and that homosexuality should reflect a significant degree of heritability (as hormone production and action is under significant genetic control). Such predictions seem to agree with previous research and general intuitions regarding homosexuality. Support for the gestational neurohormonal theory includes a recent study (LeVay, 1991) which reported a difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men, although Ellis and Ames warn that several decades of intense, further research may be required to adequately test the theory. 6 Neuro-anatomic Studies In 1991, a report was published claiming that an area of the hypothalamus known as INAH3 is smaller in homosexual men and heterosexual women (LeVay, 1991). The report received immense media coverage. The study was conducted on brain tissues from cadavers Included were nineteen homosexuals, sixteen presumed heterosexual men, and six presumed heterosexual women. A number of factors make interpretation of the study difficult. Sexual histories were inadequate and a significant proportion of the subjects were presumed to have a certain orientation. All of the homosexuals died of AIDS, while only six of the presumed heterosexual men group died of AIDS. One can propose a hypothesis that the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) could affect brain tissue including the hypothalamus, and since reduced testosterone (a male hormone) has been documented to occur in patients with AIDS, this may be one of the mechanisms. Certain medications like antifungal administered for the treatment of infections can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, but inadequate medical information is supplied in the study. Heterosexuals with AIDS often receive inferior medical care than homosexuals with AIDS as they more often are intra-venous drug users. This may also affect the results of the study, as the heterosexuals with AIDS may have had a different disease course and died at an early stage of infection (Byne and Parsons, 1993). Moreover, the area of the hypothalamus in question was larger in some of the homosexuals than in many of the heterosexuals, and smaller in some of the heterosexuals than many of the homosexuals. Hence, one cannot determine someone’s sexual preferences by looking at his/her hypothalamus (Hubbard and Wald 1993). The claim that homosexuality is a biologically predetermined characteristic, and homosexuals are â€Å"born that way† stands on flimsy genetic, hormonal and neuroanatomic evidence. A consistent and reproducible biologic difference has yet to be demonstrated (Demeter et al, 1988) STAGES OF HOMOSEXUALITY Stages of Homosexuality For counsellor who sexuality is an issue, understanding stages of homosexuality is even more important. Cass (1979) lists six stages that many homosexuals go through when dealing with their own sexual orientation. The basic model that Cass has proposed includes: 7 ? Identity Confusion – In this stage, individuals begin to wonder if they may be homosexual. They may consider the possibility, or reject it. If they choose to consider the possibility, they will move to the second stage. ? Identity Comparison – Here, individuals may begin looking at others and comparing themselves to homosexuals and non homosexuals in the surrounding environment. At this point, individuals may make contact with another homosexual person. ? Identity Tolerance – Individuals are becoming increasingly committed to the homosexual identity and may seek out more and more homosexual contacts. The self-image is still one of merely â€Å"tolerating† the homosexuality, rather than embracing it. ? Identity Acceptance – At this point, a more positive view of homosexuality begins to develop. Individuals may feel they fit into the homosexual society. However, they will generally attempt to â€Å"pass† for heterosexual, and self-disclosure will be limited. ? Identity Pride – Individuals in this stage characteristically feel a great deal of pride about their homosexuality. They will identify strongly with other homosexuals and feel anger at the way society treats homosexuals as a whole. They are often very conspicuous in their sexuality. ? Identity Synthesis – Finally, the influence of positive non homosexuals helps individuals become aware that all heterosexuals are not bad. At this point, they may feel â€Å"settled in† to their identity, neither ashamed of it nor needing to â€Å"flaunt† it. (Cass, 1984). COUNSELLING HOMOSEXUAL Ethical and Value Issues It will be a suicidal to this essay, to focus on ethics versus values in counselling a homosexual and not focus on religion. From a historical perspective, religion has been in existence as long as civilization. For many centuries, it was central to the function of society, in day to day, as well as political life. Religion invokes a feeling of respect of something greater than yourself, which is central in guiding your life. Sample the two largest religion globally, Christianity and Islam on the beliefs they hold on homosexual (Harvey, 2000). Christianity believes; †¢ Leviticus. 18:22, â€Å"You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination†. 8 †¢ 1 Leviticus. 20:13, â€Å"If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a detestable act; they shall surely be put to death. Their blood guiltiness is upon them† †¢ 1 Corinthians. 6:9-10, â€Å"Or do you not know that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, shall inherit the kingdom of God. † While the Islamic faith believes; †¢ â€Å"We also sent Lut : He said to his people : â€Å"Do ye commit lewdness such as no people in creation (ever) committed before you? For ye practice your lusts on men in preference to women: ye are indeed a people transgressing beyond bounds. † Qur’an 7:80-81 †¢ †¢ â€Å"What! Of all creatures do ye come unto the males, and leave the wives your Lord created for you? Nay, but ye are forward folk. † Qur’an 26:165 The Prophet (saws) said:†May Allah curse him who does that Lot’s people did. (Ibn Hibban, authentic) Religious and cultural beliefs, for many represent deeply held convictions about choice and approaches to life that go beyond simple preferences. These beliefs ref lect value sets that are at the core of one’s being, and the fear that the higher authority is key to determining how a person’s life turns out, it is also cause for concern in doing anything against the principles dictated by the set of beliefs that a person is following. Being brought up in a Muslim family background, where Islamic teachings and values are practiced, and modelled in the teachings that carry over weight to secular institutions, I have found it difficult for me to downplay the teaching of Islamic religion on homosexuality. I wonder, am I to be valueless as counsellors at the same time try to empower clients to develop and practice values of their choice as long as there is no harm to self or others? For long I have been struggling to counsel a client who subscribe to homosexual as his sexual orientation. Am also not sure for how long will I be referring clients who are homosexual or is it ethical right to keep on refer homosexual on the basis of conflicting with my values? 9 Working with lesbian and gay men often presents a challenge to counsellors who hold traditional values. Even counsellors who accept same-sex relationships intellectually may reject them emotionally. Counsellors who have negative reactions to homosexual are more likely to impose their own values (Buhrke Douce 1991). However the ethical codes of American Counselling Association(ACA), American Psychological Association (APA)and National Association of Social Workers(NASW) clearly states that discrimination on the basis of minority status-be it race, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation – is unethical and acceptable (Buhrke Douce 1991) While am still pondering in my role as a counsellor, actively attempt to understand the origin of homosexuality, stages in involves and diverse cultural backgrounds of the clients I serve. Of course, counsellors can, and should, seek to understand all forms of diversity. However, there is a difference between understanding and agreeing with something or someone. If counsellors’ convictions leave them disagreeing with the basic beliefs of their clients to the point where being therapeutic is in question, then should they avoid these relationships? To disregard one’s religious influences would be demonstrating a lack of self respect – t he very thing counsellors try to help clients maintain and build upon? Am also wondering whether a given counsellor should counsel any and every client? I tend to believe we all have biases. Sometimes a personal bias, religious or otherwise, would prevent a counsellor from providing the high quality, neutral service that fully respects the client and the client’s right to selfdetermination. In my opinion to demand that counsellors always be neutral regardless of their biases and convictions is to demand superhuman abilities. According to Hermann and Herlihy (2006) justice involves awareness of counsellors own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours and avoid imposing values that are inconsistent with the counselling goals. It is also noted in the ACA codes that another way for counsellors to both avoid imposing values and to respect client diversity is to make appropriate referrals if necessary. The Code addresses this by stating that â€Å"if counsellors determine an inability to be of professional assistance to clients, they avoid entering or continuing professional relationships† (ACA, 2005, A. 11. b). If counsellors discover conflicts in values that are likely to cause harm to clients or hinder their therapeutic effectiveness, then they should â€Å"terminate the counselling relationship when it becomes 10 reasonably apparent that the client no longer needs assistance, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued counselling† (ACA, 2005, A. 11. c). In reference to ACA (2005) Beneficence is the primary responsibility of counsellors to respect the dignity and to promote the welfare of clients. Nonmaleficence means avoiding doing harm, which includes refraining from actions that risk hurting clients, either intentionally or unintentionally. While Autonomy entails acknowledging the right of another to choose and act in accordance with his or her wishes and the professional behaves in a way that enables this right of another person. Despite the codes emphasis on, counsellor’s awareness of the intimacy responsibilities inherent in the counselling relationship, maintain respect for clients, and avoid actions that seek to meet their personal needs at the expense of clients. However one will only respect the dignity and promote the welfare f clients when we are aware of our own limitations not when we eliminate our own values. What is truly important is that we treat everyone with respect and understanding, even those with whom we may not agree. That is the spirit behind the Code. However, to â€Å"treat with respect† by counselling clients with whom our values conf lict would increase the likelihood of our doing harm. Yet, Hermann and Herlihy cite Remley and Herlihy (2005) when stating that â€Å"if a counsellor’s values were so strong that he or she could not counsel clients with differing beliefs, we would be concerned that the counsellor is not well-suited for the counselling profession†. However such generalization is likely to scare many counsellors including myself from the profession who could otherwise be competent with many populations rather than forcing them to suppress their religious beliefs lest they be accused of being judgmental. Conclusion In writing this essay I studied both schools of thought in-depth, on the origin of homosexuality and religious values that some counsellors subscribed to and I firmly conclude that, there is no clear evidence yet as to origin of homosexuality. While I am not neglecting existing theories, I feel the main concern as a practising counsellor would to focus on self awareness and respect to others without losing his own identity or values. 11 Finally, in my research for this essay I tend to agree with the following recommendations by Feltham Horton, (2000) for counsellors unable to compromise their religiously based moral values. Training workshops, which include didactic presentation about lesbian, gay and bisexual psychology including the various models of coming out Personal therapy and self awareness work to explore some of the histories in some depth, with therapists who have themselves done the required work: supervision with lesbian, gay and bisexual therapist on client work. Spending time with lesbian, gay and bisexual people at work and in recreation Personal contacts through genuine friendships have been demonstrated to be powerful ways of changing opinions and behaviours. (Although this could certainly be understood as replacing one set of values with another) 12 Reference ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? American Psychological Association. http://www. apa. org/topics/sorientation. html#whatis. Retrieved 2008-08-12 Bogaert, Anthony F. (2006) Toward conceptual understanding of asexuality. Review of General Psychology 10 (3): 241–250. Byne, W. and Parsons, B. (1993) Human Sexual Orientation. The Biologic Theories Reappraised†, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol 50, March 1993. pp 228-239. C, Feltham. and I, Horton. (2000) Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy. London: Sage C, Feltham. and W, Dryden. (2004) Dictionary of Counselling, (2nd Ed). London: Whurr Publishers Cass, V. (1979) Homosexual identity formation. A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4 (3), 219-235. Cass, V. (1984) Homosexual identity formation. Testing a theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 20 (2), 143-167. Demeter 5, Ringo J. and Doty R. (1988) Morohometric Analysis of the Human Corpus Collosum and the Anterior Commissure. Human Neurobiology 1988. 6:219-226 Ellis, L. and Ames, M. A. 1987) Neurohormonal Functioning and Sexual Orientation: A Theory of Homosexuality – Heterosexuality† Psychol Bull. 1987;101:233-258 Frediani, J. A. (2000). Sexuality and our faith: A companion to our whole lives for adults. Boston: Unitarian Universalist Association. Freud, S. (1953). Three ess ays on the theory of sexuality. London: Hogarth Press Freud, S. (1962). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. New York: Basic Books Harvey, Graham. (2000) Indigenous Religions: A Companion. (Ed: Graham Harvey). London and New York: Cassell. Hermann, M. A. , Herlihy, B. R. (2006) â€Å"Legal and ethical implications of refusing to counsel homosexual clients†. Journal of Counselling Development, 84, 414-418. Hubbard, R. Wald, E. (1993) Exploding the Gene Myth. Boston. Beacon Press Kallmann, F. 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The Battle of Tarawa

Table of Contents Introduction Discussion Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The battle of Tarawa refers to a war that occurred from 20th to 23rd November of 1943 during the Second World War in the Pacific Ocean. This is the second time the United States of America seriously provoked people and the peace in the central pacific areas. This was also the first time ever the United States was wagging a war against Japan’s opposition to a cold ending.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Battle of Tarawa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The initial attempt by the United States to take over Japan was fruitless as the Japanese solders were well equipped and well trained so much so that they overpowered the American marine solders and won the battle. The battle was so fierce that hundreds of American solders were injured and seriously wounded during the war and many more bodies could not be sent back to their homeland. The images of the bodies taken when the film of this war was taken way back in 1994 were said to be distressing according to the people’s views. For this film to be availed to the public view the film maker had to obtain permission from the then president Franklin Roosevelt. This film to this very moment is considered the only film that has been given the most horrific pictures of the dead American solders. This paper discusses the war that took place between Americans and Japanese at the island of Tarawa. It explains every undertaking of both the groups involved, the type of weapons they used and the mode of attack. The paper provides details on how the war went on for the four days as well as the events that took place during the operations of the days and nights. Discussion The battle of Tarawa was fought in 1943 between Americans and Japanese along the pacific area from November 20th to November 23rd (Baldwin 1). In order to come up with air field that could aid in the operation successfully into Japan, the United States had to operate from Marinas Island. This was not possible as it turned out that the island was heavily guarded by the Japanese solders. To deteriorate the resistance, the U.S decided that they would use bombers. This could be done from the Marshall Island as it was the closest and the only one that could support such an operation. This attempt also failed as their communication was hindered from Hawaii. So it was concluded that to be able to attack the Marinas Island, the ballet had to be executed from Tarawa. Tarawa is a toll found in the Gilbert Island thus the name the battle of Tarawa came up. The Japanese solders were quite well informed about the activities that were to take place at Gilbert Island and decided to take their time to strengthen their wave of attack at that point. They placed a task force of over two thousand solders under the command of Takeo Sugai. This is said to have needed a well informed group of marines.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They used technical equipment like tankers, coastal defense guns and Vickers guns. This they are said to have used during the Russo-Japanese war. These instruments were put around Gilbert Island and hidden in concrete bankers. Over five hundred pillbox made of logs and almost forty artilleries were spread around the island in readiness for usage. They made an air field inside the bush in the island and dug channels and canals that the solders could use for moving from one place to the next during the battle. This troop was led by Commander Kaigun Shosho who proudly said that it would cost the United States one hundred years to overtake Tarawa using a task force of a million well trained men. These preparations were done early enough in readiness for the attack. The Japanese were well prepared for the war and had all the confiden ce that they would painfully and massively defeat American solders (Antill 5). On the other hand, the American solders were well over thirty five thousand thus combined with the marines. They used battle ships, heavy and light cruisers, destroyers and transporters in large numbers. They also used well built aircraft carriers. In the group of the warriors were the second marine divisions, infantry division and a few of the strong army men. Both the armies started the war on November twentieth and continued for one hour without stopping. They only ceased shortly to give time for the dive bombers to attack from opposite directions. A large number of the Japanese guns were destroyed during this time of opposite attack by the well armed American solders. The bombing from the American bombers severely destroyed the small island and left it in rubbles. People thought that nobody would be left behind to salvage what remained of the little island. This was because the island was very much de stroyed and was in bad shape so to say. The Japanese took cover and attacked the American solders when they decided to cease fire and let their marines reload. The Japanese destroyed every weapon of the Americans that they could see and even set their boats on fire. Many of the American troops were injured by the Japanese’s large guns but some managed to escape to the nearby reef. The Japanese continued their attack late into the evening of the first day. On the second day of the war, November twenty second, the American marines attacked the Japanese soldiers and separated them into halves thus slightly weakening the power (Antill 7). They did this by attacking from both sides and thus surrounding them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Battle of Tarawa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They stopped using direct attacks and instead attacked from off the shore as they moved forward during day tim e. They were then able to rearrange themselves within an hour with not many soldiers getting hurt. This enabled them to be able to move to the deserted defense areas of the Japanese and they were once again able to defeat them. By the end of the day the American troops were in control of all of the western part of the region. On the other hand, a small number of the army moved to the south to launch the attack from there. On the twenty third day of the same month the Japanese attacked the American solders but the solders resisted the attacks by taking more artillery within a very close range. The Japanese attacks came very early in the morning. One hour later more than three hundred Japanese solders were attacked at close and far range. The American solders moved further and conquered most of the Japanese’ protected areas and now had more control of the region. They used the available forces and machinery against the Japanese after taking them by surprise. They received stron g resistance from the Japanese soldiers and for a moment thought that they could not continue the fight. They then gathered force and fought back fiercely. The Japanese tried to resist with all their strength but they could not resist the continual attack from the American solders. Most of their army members were either dead or severely injured that they could not do much. They gave up the fight after a spirited attack and resistance. They used all the available tools and machinery they had within their reach. The Americans now had control over the southern, northeastern and western parts of the Tarawa Island (Baldwin 3). The remaining Japanese soldiers were either killed or forced to flee the area. Conclusion The battle of the Tarawa was an intense battle. Both the groups involved were well prepared for the war. They both had very heavy machinery and well qualified and highly trained solders. Both the armies had large numbers of troops working under experienced commanders. The Japa nese initially had more confidence in themselves but unfortunately they were defeated and overpowered by the American solders. Clearly they learned that the American soldiers did not need a hundred years and a million trained solders to invade and take over Tarawa within just three days. Major Adams commanded a group of American infantry soldiers into the lagoon and into the areas that were initially occupied by the Japanese to finish the war. It is reported that â€Å"by the end of the war only one Japanese officer, sixteen enlisted men and over a hundred Koreans were found alive,† (Baldwin 5). A good number of them were killed in action. Works Cited Antill, Peter. Operation Galvanic (1): The Battle for Tarawa November 1943. November 2003. Web. http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_tarawa.htmlAdvertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Baldwin, Hanson. â€Å"The bloody epic that was Tarawa: The iron courage of the marines who endured the red hell of that battle.† The New York Times. 16 November 1958: 1-5. This research paper on The Battle of Tarawa was written and submitted by user Jeramiah Callahan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.