How The Cherokee Nation Can Overcome Generational Ptsd

Kristin Quick Term Project 3-7-2016 How the Cherokee Nation Can Overcome Generational PTSD. The Removal Act of 1830, that forced the Cherokee Indians from their homelands with just the clothes on their backs have created tragic effects which have continued to be passed down from generation to generation, causing a near loss of the Cherokee culture. In 1838, the United States Military utilizing surprise attacks, snatched Cherokee families from their homes, work, and play at bayonet point to face a journey of over a thousand treacherous miles known as the â€Å"Trail of Tears† to unprepared land. The Cherokee faced great personal loss that caused a lasting impact on their lives as they were forced to live on new Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma (Wallace 1993). As a result of the brutal forced removal of the Cherokee Indians they now face tragic psychological and emotional problems. Cherokee families today face self-destructive behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse, physical and sexual abuse, and the inability to express feelings and maintain healthy relation ships due to the unresolved anger they have towards the loss of their land and culture (Wallace 1993).The Cherokee people fought against the Army of the United States and lost, but their loss is now our collective loss as the numbers of Cherokee people with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder are rising throughout the Cherokee culture. The Cherokee culture was forever changed when white settlers found gold on Cherokee

Rhetorical Analysis Of `` The Best Argument Against Gay...

Rhetorical Analysis Robert George is a Princeton professor, an adamant dissenter of same-sex marriage, and was a strong supporter of Proposition 8. One of the most prevalent arguments used by Robert George to combat same-sex marriage was the â€Å"’common procreation’ rationale† which was the idea that marriage should strictly be heterosexual due to the ability to procreate (401). On December 13, 2010, Slate.com published an article called â€Å"The Best Argument Against Gay Marriage: And Why It Fails.† This article was a counterargument made by Kenji Yoshino, a New York University Law professor. In this article, Yoshino states that Robert George and his co-authors’ argument that gay marriage should be banned due to same-sex couples’ inability to procreate is invalid because it is statistically flawed and it makes unintentional attacks on certain groups of opposite-sex couples. Yoshino’s strongest asset in his counterargument is his blatant sarcasm. Yoshino writes using a very simplistic sentence structure. His sentences tend to be very short, succinct, and somewhat digestible to the average reader. This simplicity may be indicative of Yoshino’s attempt to connect with a wider audience rather than taken as sarcasm, but his word choice says otherwise. Despite writing in a very simplistic fashion, Yoshino maintains an air of formality by using more sophisticated diction. Instances of this can be seen when he refers to George’s argument on â€Å"sexual exclusivity,† the â€Å"secular argument†Show MoreRelatedRalph Ellison s Invisible Man1210 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalization—has made many yearn for the past, when things were more â€Å"normal† and less diverse. Understanding the destructive nature of this human tendency, Ralph Ellison, through the experiences of his narrator and through the use of rhetorical devices, weaves his argument against conformity and for diversity in his critically acclaimed work, Invisible Man. 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Employee Behavior Free Essays

A proper understanding of employee behavior in a workplace is key to maximizing the potential of an organization. Proponents of scientific behavioral approach argue that the use of scientific methods in dealing with employee productivity in an organizational set up is the key to success. Behavioral- science approach theorists, Mary Parker Follet, Hugo Munsterberg and Elton Mayo laid much emphasis on the human and psychological factors which are likely to affect the workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considerable notions of these theories illuminate employee relationship and motivation, information processing and organizational development. The trio is considered the founders of organizational psychology and behavioral approaches in the theories of management.Follet is an American social worker, a pioneer in the organizational theory and organizational behavior fields also a management consultant. Her theory criticized the poor handling of employees and argued that managers should stop being authoritative but instead, grant their employees the freedom to collaborate, socialize and work in teams with minimal supervision. Munsterberg, on the other hand, argued that hiring of workers with the right personality and mental capabilities for performing certain jobs is key. Moreover, increased employee motivation, job performance, and employee retention are very imperative. His theory suggests that matching of the correct jobs and skills to employee personality very significant for the employee performance. Elton Mayo, who started human relations movement is best known for Hawthorne studies which were conducted at the western electric company. His theory was based on the soft ways for successful management. He recommended that individual’s work performance depends on both social matters and job satisfaction. He contributed significantly to behaviorism movement in the management field. However, despite criticisms from other proponents such as Marx, Weber, and Taylor, modern behavioral pioneers, Follet, Munsterberg and Mayo contributed immensely to the modern viewpoints in management. Their arguments that successful management stems from understanding how best to treat and motivate employees upholds. Furthermore, application of the theories has made employees become more efficient in their jobs.Q2: Organizational structureOrganizational structure defines how organizational activities are coordinated, and directing supervisions of the allocated tasks towards the achievement of organizational goals. Major types of the organizational structure include functional, divisional and matrix. Functional structure refers to the grouping of the organization departments according to purposes. It is useful for small organizations with flexible departments which can solely rely on the skills, talents, and knowledge of employees. Divisional structure is used by large organizations which operate in different geographical areas. The organization is divided into divisions which areas separately managed towards achieving the common set goals. It is useful in the sense that its desires can be met rapidly and more specifically since each division operates independently. Last but not least is the matrix organizational structure. This forms a combination of both functional and divisional structures. It is typically used in large multinational organizations and enjoys the benefits of both functional and divisional structure under one umbrella.Q3: Personality testEveryone in a workplace possesses different personalities. The use of personality test immensely employs the use of the big five personality traits which includes openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. In a workplace, personality traits can help in revealing strengths and weaknesses of the employees. Moreover, it helps in determining levels of emotional intelligence among employees, a key tool for effective communication. In addition to this, personality traits help in creating awareness and enhancing excellent teamwork among employees. Finally, personality traits it helps in promoting a deeper understanding of employee capabilities based on their strengths and capabilities, thus making it easier to delegate the duties. Q4: Perceptional DistortionsPerceptual distortions refer to the variations of a person’s response to a stimulus from the common perception. Majorly, it occurs as a result of intellectual biases of an individual. The major causes of perceptual distortions include but not limited to stereotyping, halo effect, pre-deposition, recency effect, pre-deposition effect, primacy effect, and prejudice. An example of perceptual distortion is that of an individual who is suffering from anorexia and holds a biased self-image. Such people see their bodies as overweighed and unsightly whereas others perceive them as the undernourished as well as underweighted. Q5: Impression Management Motives and Basic Governing FactorsImpression management refers to a self-presentation system which focuses on improving a person’s image in the eyes of others. Typically, it refers to a process in which people attempt to influence the perception of others. Managers synonymously implement the use of impression management to present themselves to their employees, the public and to their peers as a way of impelling the insights of their appearance. The underlying motives and basic governing factors of impression management culminates in the awareness of being a potential monitoring instrument and the kind social status. Additionally, cultural norms, personal goals, and social perspectives form other impression motives and governing factors for managers. The duo reveals the assertions, which leads to a dynamic way of presentational aspects. Managers tend to impress their employees, peers and the public through the types of clothes they put on, which have specific designs and fashions. Politicians wear nice suits, carries an expensive suitcase and move inexpensive cars so as to impress the public as they woe for votes. Christianity is another strategy used by managers to impress peers and the public alleging that their ways are pure. Q6: Workplace StressStress refers to a hypersensitive response of the body to any kind of emotional strain. It occurs as a result of personal conflict between the job workload or demands and the little amount of time an employee has to meet these demands, hence lack of control. The common demands that may lead to stress in the workplace include poor organization of the work, poor work design, poor working conditions, poor management and lack of supervisory support. Moreover, job monotony and excessive workload are also sources of stress in a workstation. The general responses to stress that can be experienced are majorly classified into physical, Emotional responses. Physical stress occurs in the general body and includes pains, aches and other diseases that may be caused by stress. Physical stress is accompanied by frequent headaches, chest problems, back pain and aching stomach. It is also characterized by insufficient sleep and high blood pressure. On the other hand, Emotional responses are experiences involving feelings and thoughts during stressful circumstances. Such responses include depression and anxiety, withdrawing socially and becoming more forgetful. Anger, lack of focus and becoming more restless are other emotional responses to stress. Too much stress is fatal and prevention measures should be put in place. In order to deal with stress, one should first trace the origin and know the causes of stress and develop healthy responses to curb the situation. Relaxing the mind and having sufficient sleep are important techniques suppressing stress. Avoid being lonely, talk to other people and seek for their help. Finally, talking to the supervisor about the stressing issue can help solve the situation. This can be perfected by improving working conditions. How to cite Employee Behavior, Papers Employee Behavior Free Essays Proper understanding of employee behavior in a workplace is key to maximizing the potential of an organization. Proponents of scientific behavioral approach argue that, the use of scientific methods in dealing with employee productivity in an organizational set up is the key to success. Behavioral- science approach theorists, Mary Parker Follet, Hugo Munsterberg and Elton Mayo laid much emphasis on the human and psychological factors which are likely to effect the workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considerable notions of these theories are employee relationship and motivation, information processing and organizational development. The trio are considered pioneers in the field of organizational psychology and behavioral approaches in the theories of management. Follet is an American social worker, a pioneer in the organizational theory and organizational behavior fields also a management consultant. Her theory criticized the micromanagement of employees and argued that, managers should stop being authoritative but instead, grant their employees the freedom to collaborate, socialize and work in teams with minimal supervision. Munsterberg, on the other hand argued that hiring of workers with the right personality and mental capabilities for performing certain jobs is key. Moreover, increased employee motivation, job performance and employee retention is very imperative. His theory suggests that matching of the correct jobs and skills to employee personality very significant for employee productivity. Elton Mayo, the founder of human relations movement is best known for Hawthorne studies which was conducted at western electric company. His theory was based on the soft ways for successful management. He recommended that individual’s work performance depends on both social matters and job satisfaction. He contributed significantly on behaviorism movement in the management field. However, despite of criticisms from other proponents such as Marx, Weber and Taylor, modern behavioral pioneers, Follet, Munsterberg and Mayo contributed immensely on the contemporary management perspectives. Their arguments that successful management stem from understanding how best to treat and motivate employees upholds. Furthermore, application of the theories has made employees to become more efficient in their jobs.Organizational structure.Organizational structure defines how organizational activities are coordinated, and directing supervisions of the allocated tasks towards the achievement of organizational goals. Major types of organizational structure includes functional, divisional and matrix. Functional structure refers to grouping of the organization departments according to purposes. It is useful for small organizations with flexible departments which can solely rely on the skills, talents and knowledge of employees. Divisional structure is used by large organizations which operates in different geographical areas. The organization is divided into divisions which areas separately managed towards achieving the common set goals. It is useful in the sense that its desires can be met rapidly and more specifically since each division operates independently. Last but not least is the matrix organizational structure. This forms a combination of both functional and divisional structures. It is typically used in large multinational organizations and enjoys the benefits of both functional and divisional structure under one umbrella. Personality test Everyone in a work place possesses different personalities. The use of personality test immensely employs the use of the big five personality traits which includes openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. In a work place, personality traits can help in revealing strengths and weaknesses of the employees. Moreover, it helps in determining levels of emotional intelligence among employees, a key tool for efficient communication. In addition to this, personality traits helps in creating awareness and enhancing excellent team work among employees. Finally, personality traits it helps in promoting deeper understanding of employee capabilities based on their strengths and capabilities, thus making it easier to delegate the duties. Perceptional DistortionsPerceptual distortions refers to the variations of a person’s response to a stimulus from the common perception. Majorly, it occurs as a result of intellectual biasness of an individual. The major causes of perceptual distortions includes but not limited to stereotyping, halo effect, pre-deposition, recency effect, pre-deposition effect, primacy effect and prejudice. An example of perceptual distortion is that of an individual who is suffering from anorexia and holds a biased self-image. Such people see their bodies as overweighed and unsightly whereas others perceive them as the undernourished as well as underweighted. Impression Management Motives and Basic Governing FactorsImpression management refers to a self-presentation system which focuses on improving a person’s image in the eyes of others. Typically, it refers to a process in which people attempt to influence the perception of others. Managers synonymously implement the use of impression management to present themselves to their employees, the public and to their peers as a way of influencing the perceptions of their appearance. The underlying motives and basic governing factors of impression management culminates on the awareness of being a potential monitoring instrument and the kind social status. Additionally, cultural norms, personal goals and social perspectives forms other impression motives and governing factors for managers. The duo reveals the assertions which leads to a dynamic way of presentational aspects. Managers tend to impress their employees, peers and the public through the types of clothes they put on, which have specific designs and fashions. Politicians wear nice suits, curries an expensive suitcase and move in expensive cars so as to impress the public as they woe for votes. Christianity is another strategy used by managers to impress peers and the public alleging that their ways are pure. Workplace Stress.Stress refers to a hypersensitive response of the body to any kind of emotional strain. It occurs as a result of personal conflict between the job workload or demands and the little amount of time an employee has to meet these demands, hence lack of control. The common demands that may lead to stress in the workplace includes poor organization of the work, poor work design, poor working conditions, poor management and lack of supervisory support. Moreover, job monotony and excessive work load are also sources of stress in a workstation. The general responses to stress that can be experienced are majorly classified into physical, Emotional responses. Physical stress occurs in the general body and includes pains, aches and other diseases that may be caused by stress. Physical stress is accompanied by frequent headaches, chest problems, back pain and aching stomach. It is also characterized by insufficient sleep and high blood pressure. On the other hand, Emotional responses are experiences involving feelings and thoughts during stressful circumstances. Such responses include depression and anxiety, withdrawing socially and becoming more forgetful. Anger, lack of focus and becoming more restless are other emotional responses to stress. Too much stress is fatal and prevention measures should be put in place. In order to deal with stress, one should first trace the origin and know the causes of stress and develop healthy responses to curb the situation. Relaxing the mind and having sufficient sleep are important techniques suppressing stress. Avoid being lonely, talk to other people and seek for their help. Finally, talking to the supervisor about the stressing issue can help solve the situation. This can be done improving the working environment and the working conditions. How to cite Employee Behavior, Papers

Organizational Theory Refers To the Approaches Used To Analyze

Question: Organizational Theory Refers To the Approaches How to Use To Analyze? Answer: Introduction Sport organization is organization that can be private, public or organization that provide products and services to sport organization. Sport organization according to Smith and Stewarts (2010), is unique owing to products it offer to its unique sport industry. There are many sport organizations that operates at the country level or global platform. In Australia for instance, some of the sport organizations are the Australian Olympic Committee, the Australian Sports Commission and Nike, Inc to name a few. The main focus of this paper is Nike Inc as sport organization that operates in Australia and globally. To study sport organization theory, some organizational aspects such as goals, structure, effectiveness, efficiency, alliances and organizational changes. Moreover, this paper seeks to provide best considerations that can be made to realize good strategic position for a better performance of sport organization (Smith Stewart, 2010). The following paper there for presents organiz ational analysis of Nike, Inc as sport organization. Organizational Theory and Research Nike Inc is a sport organization since the organization manufacture and sells athletic footwear, apparel and sport equipments. According to Slack (1993), a sport organization is an organization that can be commercial, public or provide sport services and sport product to sport organization. Nike Inc as a sport organization is one of the largest supplier of sport wares and equipments. In addition, Nike sponsor many athletes sport teams around the globe making Nike to be one of the leading sport organization. Specifically, Nike works in all ways to inspire athlete and other sport teams into achieving their goals through supply of sportswear and other sport equipments. This implies that Nike as sport organization does everything to change lives of athletes mostly through sponsoring athletes (Greenwood Miller, 2010). Nevertheless, Nike keeps spirit of inspiration beyond the cultural boundaries to assist needy athletes achieves their aspiration. Nike Australia is semi-autonomous subsidia ry branch of the global Nike Corporation. Nike Australia is typically sport organization due to its commitment in designing, manufacturing and supply of sportswear to various Australian teams. According to Smith and Stewarts (2010), sport industry is unique since the product or services that are offered to clients are idiosyncratic in nature. Moreover, sport organization designs as presented in this article are form of different configuration. The uniqueness of sport industry has peculiar effect on Nike Inc. Nike being sport organization is concerned with sportswear that is directly connected to specific team or sport organization. Nike designs sportswear that is specific to individual, team or specific sport. Nike exists in the sport business context that turn billions of dollars to annually. To realize this unique feature of sport industry, Nike has a complex management system owing to its marketing strategy. Nike for instance is governed by the customers ideology, culture and emotional experience of specific team. As an organization Nike has change since its inception to fit different context in the sport realm (Chelladurai, 2013). For instance Nike name was changed fro m Blue Ribbon Sports to Nike so as to inspire more people. Organizational theory refers to the approaches used to analyze and study an organization while organizational behavior refers to the interaction of various people within an organization. Firstly, to understand organizational theory used in Nike Inc can be best described with rational system perspective theory since the organization is goal specific and all its activities are goal oriented (Skirstad Chelladurai, 2011). This implies that the inspirational goal that Nike displays in its mission acts as the guideline for designing, manufacturing, distribution and selling of sportswear. Nike applies scientific study to design its products this is evidence through its investment in laboratory and research services to ensure good quality products. Secondly, Nike presents a unique organizational behavior in its organization cultural and practice principle. Nike has the swoosh logo that symbolizes companys global leadership. This implies that Nike is like an artificial person. Nike operates under the principle of simplicity of duty while specializing on global Nike representation (Repenning, 2002). Critical thinking involves the mental thinking on a phenomenon from different perspective. Critical thinking enables intent to explore, explain or describe a certain phenomenon as basis of research. Aspects of critical thinking therefore assist in learning, research and understanding a problem. Interdisciplinary approach is currently the focus of critical thinking as it helps draw knowledge and skills from the disciplines involved. Critical thinking also plays an important role in sport organization. According to Shilbury (2012), critical thinking enables sport organization to assess various problems that exist in an organization from different disciplines. In this sense, interdisciplinary approach to critical thinking assist the organization examine its beliefs and culture using research, information system and human resource. Nike as a model sport organization has utilized critical thinking in various fields. Coming up with good laboratory research, different brands, various athlet e sponsoring programs and kids support in Nike shows interaction of various disciplines to achieve the best results. In addition, to analyze the dynamics of sportswear market one needs to critically think before designing sportswear. Finally, a problem may exist in an organization that does touch many departments such as production; designing, manufacturing and distribution of product, to examine this problem from a sing perspective show little success therefore, interdisciplinary approach (Greenwood Miller, 2010). Goals, Effectiveness and Structure Nike goals Nike has goals such a Minimize environmental footprint, transform manufacturing and unleash human potential. Firstly, Nike as international organization has environment sustainable goal as a result Nike seek to dig deep into water, chemistry, energy and waste to understand environment. To realize environmental goal Nike explores supply chain with the view to indentify and impact environmental resources and reduce depletion. Secondly, it is the goal of Nike to transform manufacturing sector through use of modern technology. Nike does not concentrate only on its manufacturing sector but also collaborate with other factories that implement current advance technology in production of sportswear. Thirdly, another goal that guides Nike performance in the sport industry is unleashing human potential. This goal also form part of Nike mission that seek to identify potential and inspire different athletes throughout the world. Nikes mission enables the organization to encourage people weather on track sports, field or court to realize their full potential (Lim, 2017). Importance of Nikes goals Nikes goals are important as it act as the driving force that propels the organization to achieve its beliefs, aspiration and objectives. The overall mission of the organization is interconnected to companys cultural beliefs that are making the organization to achieve its goals. The management uses the Nikes goals to assess its performance over time, this is particularly important for continuous performance of organization. To realize the objectives of organization, Nike uses some other short term goals that should be met over time (Todd, Sitthichok, Mottus, Mihlan Wing, 2008). Effectiveness The scarcity of resource in organization makes Nike to resolve competing goal based on level of importance. For instance, to achieve sustainable goal and transforming manufacturing sector there is need to resolve between this two goals level of priority is considered. The overall goal of sustainability and inspiration are also competitive yet the mission of Nike is to inspire all sporting industry therefore, Nike mostly concentrates on sponsoring athletes than other goals. Effectiveness refers to the extent that organization can attain its goal using less effort and resources while efficiency is the level of attainment of goal that organization can boast of without failure. To be effective Nike normally collaborates with government sport organizations responsible for team (Shilbury Moore, 2006). Nike teams with various governments for instance to produce the best design, Nike together with Australian government designed Australian team trailblazers that reflect spirit of nationalism . Efficiency of Nike is displayed in manner which Nike sign contract with other organizations. For instance, the contract between Australian sport commission and Nike has yield best team software since 1970s and is enhance by Nikes technologies (Gerrard, 2016). Effectiveness and efficiency play an important role in data collection, analysis and checking data quality. Firstly, efficient data collection is where data on phenomenon is collected, analyzed and its quality checked using the minimal resources and time. Effectiveness of data collection on the other hand is the collection of data, analysis and check of data quality without error, failure hence successful (Herman Renz, 2008). Nikes Organizational Structure Organization structure refers to composition and design system that is applied to interconnect employees groups or departments in a business. Complexity of Nikes organization is due to the global focus though the management is based in Nikes headquarters in United States of America. Organization structure of Nike composed mainly of Nikes need in global and regional market. Therefore, Nikes organization can be global leadership, geographical semi-autonomous division and global division for converse and brand licensing. Firstly, Nike is purely managed through corporate leadership with global focus and this is evidence in global activities such as Global Sport Marketing to release new software. Secondly, Nikes market is divided semi-autonomous division depending on the geographical regional, for instance Australian division that operates in Australia (Stewart, Nicholson Dickson, 2005). Thirdly, Nikes global agenda can be divided into two namely converse brand and brand licensing. One d ivision is responsible for licensing brands and the other Nike division is responsible for operation converse subsidiary brand of Nike. To manage complexity in the organization structure methods such as strategic approach, rationalize product or service line, goal alignment and process streamline. Firstly, to manage complexity of organization structure, the strategic approach seeks to make clear the organizations strategy (Groysberg Abrahams, 2014). For instance, Nike Australia clearly outlines its strategy due to its semi-autonomous operations and this makes it survive despites Nikes complexity in the global perspective. Secondly, product or service streamline is a method that enables company to remain with products such as athletes sportswear in the case of Nikes that add value to the organization as oppose to many products that does not brings profit to the company. Thirdly, streamlining of company process such as designing, manufacturing, distribution and marketing of sportswear and equipment are streamline to minimize time wastage and exhibit effectiveness or efficiency in organization. Finally, when the compan y is goal oriented all operation are towards attaining set goals and this help manage complexity in the organization structure (Andersen, 2016). Tradeoff for cost and benefit refers to the evaluation of cost and the revenue that can potentially be got from a certain project. Nike for instance, in December 2013 experience negative year in Australia. There was decline in sales growth accompanies by declines in profits and market share due to the overall effect of unbalance supply-chain and strong dollar. To rectify the situation Nike decided to increase mid-price footwear and apparel lines and decrease the expenses. In addition, Nike has to control and check the calculation cost of capital. Nike organizational design can be termed as divisionalized form since Nike is autonomous organizations that are generally larger and older. Nike Australia is autonomous subsidiary organization that is branch of the global Nike Company. Nike Australia as sport organization operates on its own though is little controlled by management at the headquarters in United States of America (Smith Stewart, 2010). Strategy Strategic Alliances Nike applies business strategy level that is based on its mission, operation strategy and transformational strategy to be competitive. Firstly, it is worth noting that the business strategy that Nike utilizes is based on its mission to inspire, motivate and unleash potentials of athletes. To do this Nike identify those individuals with potential and encourage or sponsor them to motivate them realize their potentials (Smith Stewart, 2010). Secondly, Nike utilizes its operational strategy that displays its global operative goal. Nike though has subsidiary branch in Australia its main headquarters is in United States from where its operation is directed. Therefore Nike has global scope that makes it competitive in the global market. Thirdly, Nikes transformational strategy aim to transform the manufacturing sector of the sport industry. To be competitive, Nike applies new technology not only at the organization level but also contract factor that it works in collaboration with. It is q uite clear that the strategy that Nike chose has made it competitive in the sport industry to its main competitor Adidas (Gerrard, 2015). Nike, Inc also combines the three types of strategies to achieve growth, stability and defensive strategies. Firstly, Nike, Inc utilizes growth strategy that emphasize on growth of organization. This strategy mostly focuses on decentralizing operation into different countries or regions. An example is establishment of Nike, Inc Australia subsidiary branch. Secondly, stability strategy is seen in Nike, Incs good cooperate management agenda. Nike, Inc focuses in various sport activities through the world due to its stability. Thirdly, Nike, Inc as a unique defensive strategy that works in changing underperforming products or business units. Platform strategic approach is business competitive approach that involve building platform that lifts the business thus it can outcompete other businesses. Nike best fit with platform approach and this is Nikes ability to diversify its products to crate platform on which other competitors will sail (Skirstad Chelladurai, 2011). Nike needs to develop new products that are unique and totally different from products of its competitors such as Adidas so as to set platform for interactions. For instance, Nikes innovative production of HyperAdapt lacing that combine use of electrical and mechanical engineering to produce footwear that idiosyncrasies in lacing or tension. This product set platform that many competitor has to climb for interaction. This provide Nike with competitive advantage since Nike being the inventor of the footwear all companies that also wish to use the product will have to get permission from Nike. Furthermore, Nike will produce much more products of this kind unde r low cost because of its advance knowledge about the product (About.nike.com, 2016). Before forming alliances there are some considerations that need to be met before partnering with other organization or before forming alliances. Some of these include: strategic and cultural fit between the two allies, each partners contribution to the alliance, the main project and scope of alliance, alliance structure and alliance termination process (Miner, 2006). Firstly, before entering partnership with other organizations there is need to access the cultural and fit strategic fit between one organization and another. For instance for Nike to enter into alliance with Australian Sport Commission, cultural and strategic fit should be checked to avoid future misunderstandings. Secondly, each contribution of allies in the partnership is critical before forming alliances (Robbins Judge, 2007). Contribution of partners will assist in determining what each business gain in the partnership. Thirdly, the main project and its scope in also important aspect of agreement as this play role in signing of deal between businesses. It important for businesses that are involved in the alliance to outline the project to be done during partnership with clear scope as this protects any party from exploit. Fourthly, alliance structure and alliance termination procedure are also important considerations that need to be made before entering agreement with any allies. In case of misunderstanding within the partnership, steps that are involved to terminate the alliance is critical to the agreement. On selecting organization to partner with Nike as an organization, the organization will only enter into alliance with businesses that are strategically congruence to Nike. It is also clear that the alliance will be based on good cultural practices that can fit the organization. Therefore, if there are clear, understandable or beneficial projects that will add value to the organization then alliance will be considered. As an organization, one of Nikes strategies is to transform the sport manufacturing sector through application of current technology in partnering factories. Moreover if the factory culturally fit to Nike then dealing becomes easy (About.nike.com, 2015). Sport Organizations and Change Changes are evitable in an organization with some may take strategy changes or isomerism changes. There are different changes that has occurs in Nike Inc since its inception. For instance Nike that was originally called Blue Ribbon Sports changed its name from Blue Ribbon Sports to Nike and eventually to Nike Inc in 1971. These changes can be in the line of production internal and external environmental pressures (Hollister, 2008). There are changes that can take place in an organization some of this change are isomerism such as coercive, normative and mimetic processes. Coercive are changes that result from pressure amounting from organization that company depends on (DiMaggio Powell, 1983). Nike Australia to some extent depends upon the Nike global organization, due to the mounting pressure from global Nike organization to perform better. Nike Australia moreover works in collaboration with Australian Sport Commission and Australian Olympic Committee in acquisition of software for various teams in Australia. Forming alliance with these organizations creates pressure for Nike to deliver quality products to its stakeholder for examples Socceroos team (Stewart, Nicholson Dickson, 2005). Secondly, normative pressure is caused by professions norms in an organization. For Nike to operate in Australia there is need for professional certification from the government of Australia. Hiring of employees also result in p rofessional normative process due to requirement before hiring. Thirdly, mimetic process arises through uncertainty that encourage imitation and this can be migrating employees from organization that produce similar products. When employees from other sport organizations such as Adidas are employed in Nike Australia, their employment may bring diffusion of cultural practices from their former employer in Nike. Management need to take care for Nike not to start mimicking the strategy of a different organization (Slack Parent, 2006). Organizational changes can lead to changes in the organization structure since its inception. Effective changes in the organization management enable management to integrate the changes pressure and pressure. Leaders on the other side when invest in managing structural changes realize successful and sustainable change using less resources and time (Skirstad Chelladurai, 2011). This changes has direct or indirect effect on pace, sequence and linearity through which changes occur. Firstly, paradox of changes in organization structure focus on low time period at the early period with most of time allocated at the end of change. The pace seems to be very fast yet the top load appear at the implementation stage leading to more energy and resources while return on the investment decrease. Secondly, the sequence of change involves defining these changes, engaging the management, implementing these changes and maintaining changes. Thirdly, according to Irwin and Ryan (2013), the linearity o f paradox of change theory involves downward energy expenditure movement on one side with upward movement in return on investment. Nike organization has strategically responded positively to institutional pressure and displays impressive tactics. Firstly, Nike responded strategically to pressure mounting from the government of Australia through legitimization of operation in acquiring license and trade regulatory requirement in Australia. Secondly, the normative process of change can be visible in the innovative strategy implementation that allows Nike to use professional approach in its production of software. Currently, Nike Australia has rolled out program that facilitate hiring of employees based on professions norms. Thirdly, mimetic process occurs in Nike with the invention of HyperAdapt technology that mimics electrical and mechanical engineering devices contrary to its initial footwear. The decision to implement this technological innovation leads to strategic changes in organizations competitive strategy (About.nike.com, 2016). Nike Inc is strategically competitive organization both at the country level and at the global market. The strategic structure of Nike is based mainly on its mission and goals. Recently, advancement in technology is the main strategic shift that has been experience in Nikes overall focus. Initially, Nike focus on motivation and inspiring athletes yet in the recent years Nike has changes its strategy competes on platform basis. Nike therefore has strongly invested in electrical and mechanical engineering to produce technologically advance footwear for athlete that will make the company compete favorably in the global market (Colbert, Yee George, 2016). This change in strategic took the management paradox theory of structural change in organization. In addition, to implements these changes the Nike, Inc had to yield to pressure from partnering sport organization such as the Australian Olympic Committee and the Australian Sports Commission in Australia. This resulted in high return on investment contrary to the low energy expenditure experience in development and implementation of changes. There are some tactics that are used by Nike, Inc to remain competitive in the external market. Some of this tactics include sponsoring team partnership and environmental sustainability. Due to the pressure that is experienced by Nike, Inc, Nike, Inc sponsor teams and individual athletes from Australia within their Australia regional operation as a way to attracts corporation from local government. Partnership with government sport agencies is critical for competition of Nike, Inc in Australian sport industry. For instance, partnership between Nike, Inc and Australian soccer team made lead to supply of team sportswear. Finally, Nike, Inc has come up with environmental sustainable approach that focuses on environmental management to reduce depletion of resources (Kim Mauborgne, 2005). Conclusion In conclusion, sport organization refers to any organization that participate in sport, gives consultant service to sport organization or deals in software and equipments. Nike, Inc as sport organizations has motivated athletes through sponsoring and provision of sportswear. It is clear that Nike, Inc marketing and organizational strategies are founded on its mission to inspire or motivate athletes, sustainability and transformation of sport industry. Nike, Inc utilizes business organizational approach to be competitive in the external environment. In addition, Nike, Inc has come up with platform approach of competition through application of technologies to develop new product platforms. The discoveries and innovative nature of Nike, Inc product design or production gives the company competitive advantage over its competitor such as Adidas. Nike, Inc as an organization has realized changes since its inception that alter it strategies and isomorphism. To explore more changes realized in the structure of organization the theory of paradox of changes best describe these changes. Reference Alstyne, M. V., Parker, G. G., Choudary, S. P. (2016). Pipelines, Platforms, and the New Rules of Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 94(4), 54-62. About.nike.com. (2016). About Nike - The official corporate website for NIKE, Inc. and its affiliate brands. Retrieved 20 October 2015, from https://about.nike.com/ Andersen, E. (2016). Learning to Learn. Harvard Business Review, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 98-101. Bedbury, S., Fenichell, S. (2014). A new brand world. New York: Penguin Books. Carbasho, T. (2010). Nike. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. Chelladurai, P. (2013). A personal journey in theorizing in sport management. Sport Management Review, 16(1), 22-28. (only pages 25-6 on organizational effectiveness) Colbert, A., Yee, N., George, G. (2016). The Digital Workforce and the Workplace of the Future. Academy of Management Journal, p. 731-9. DiMaggio, P. J. Powell, W. (1983). The iron cage revisited" institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields, American Sociological Review, 48 147-60 Greenwood, R., Miller, D. (2010). Tackling Design Anew: Getting Back to the Heart of Organizational Theory. Academy Of Management Perspectives, 24(4), 78-88. Gerrard, B, (2016). Trevor Slack: a personal memory of a great scholar and a great friend European Sport Management Quarterly 16(2), pp.127-8 Gerrard, B. (2015). Rigour and relevance in sport management: Reconciling the competing demands of disciplinary research and user-value. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(5), 505-515 Groysberg, B., Abrahams, R. (2014). Manage Your Work, Manage Your Life. Harvard Business Review, 92(3), 58-66. Herman, R.D., Renz, D.O. (2008). Advancing Nonprofit Organizational Effectiveness Research and Theory: Nine Theses. Nonprofit Management Leadership, 18(4), 399-415. Hollister, G. (2008). Out of nowhere. Maidenhead (Eng.): Meyer Meyer Sports. Irwin, R.L., Ryan, T.D. (2013) 'Get real: Using engagement with practice to advance theory transfer and production", Sport Management Review, 16(1), pp12-16 Kim, W.C. Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy: From Theory to Practice.California Management Review,47(3), 105-121. Kikulis, L., Slack, T., Hinings, B. (1992). Institutionally Specific Design Archetypes: A Framework for Understanding Change in National Sport Organizations. International Review for the Sociology O Kim, W.C., Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy: From Theory to Practice. California Management Review, 47(3), 105-121. Lim, M. (2017). Examining the literature on organizational structure and success. College Mirror, 43, 1, 16-18. McLaughlin, J. A., Jordan, G. B. (2010). Using Logic Models. In Joseph S. Wholey, Harry P. Hatry Kathryn E. Newcomer (Eds.), Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Miner, J.B. (2006). Organizational behavior, Vol. 3: Historical origins, theoretical foundations, and the future. Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe. Repenning, N. (2002). A Simulation-Based Approach to Understanding the Dynamics of Innovation Implementation. Organization Science, 13, 2: 109-127. Robbins, S.F. Judge, T.A. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th edition). Pearson Education Inc., p. 551-557. Stewart, B., Nicholson, M., Dickson, G. (2005). The Australian Football League's Recent Progress: A Study in Cartel Conduct and Monopoly Power.Sport Management Review,8, 95-117. Shilbury, D. (2012).Competition: the heart and soul of sport management. Human Kinetics. Shilbury, D. (2012). Competition: The Heart and Soul of Sport Management. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 1-10. Shilbury, D., Moore, K. A. (2006). A Study of Organizational Effectiveness for National Olympic Sporting Organizations. Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35(1),5-38. Skirstad, B., Chelladurai, P. (2011). For 'Love' and Money: A Sports Club's Innovative Response to Multiple Logics. Journal of Sport Management, 25(4), 339-353. Slack, T and Parent, M. (2006). Understanding sport organizations: The application of organization theory (2nd ed.). South Australia: Human Kinetics. Chapter 5:Design Options in Sport Organisations Slack, T. (1993). Morgan and the metaphors: implications for sport management. Journal of Sport Management, 7, 189-193 Smith, A. C., Stewart, B. (2010). Review: The special features of sport: A critical revisit. Sport Management Review, 13(1)1-13. Stewart, B., Nicholson, M., Dickson, G. (2005). The Australian Football League's Recent Progress: A Study in Cartel Conduct and Monopoly Power. Sport Management Review, 8, 95-117. Todd, L. A.; Sitthichok, T. P.; Mottus, K.; Mihlan, G. Wing, S. (2008). Health Survey of Workers Exposed to Mixed Solvent and Ergonomic Hazards in Footwear and Equipment Factory Workers in Thailand. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 5

The influence and importance of job satisfaction on staff turnover

Make a professional impression as an introvert

Make a professional impression as an introvert These days, simply showing up to work and doing a good job is unfortunately not enough to succeed in the work world. If you want to build a successful career, it’s important to create a personal brand that defines you professionally. Then, you have to sell yourself. It’s a lot, right? And the trouble is, if you think of yourself as an introvert, you really hate putting yourself out there like that. You’d rather hide your light under your bushel and stay under your comfy little rock and have it all happen for you. Never fear: it’s possible to set yourself up with a great brand without making yourself feel super awkward- even if you’re super introverted. Read on to find out how.Let social media work for you.It doesn’t take any human interaction to set yourself up with killer profiles on all the social media sites. Keep them fresh and up-to-date. Make them representative of your personal style. You can do all this from the comfort of your own co uch, in your pajamas. Then, you can try a few fancy tricks like signing up for Twitter chats or LinkedIn groups to join the most current conversations in your industry and get your name out there.Have a script.If you’re prone to clam up in social situations, have an elevator pitch ready to go that you feel confident and comfortable delivering wherever you need to. But beyond that, you can script more of your social interactions if it helps. Draft a standard greeting or opener that you can turn to whenever you feel awkward in an overwhelming room and practice it until it comes naturally. Maybe it’s just an interesting question you ask every new person you meet, or a succinct summary of your job title and main responsibilities for networking events. Memorizing an intro might feel forced, but at least you’ll have some conversation starters ready so you never feel at a loss for words.Choose your marks.Be strategic- make a game plan ahead of time for networking and o ther work events. How many people do you want to meet? How many contacts do you need to rack up? Then, be more specific about who exactly you want to meet and why. Setting targets for yourself ahead of time can turn the whole thing into a project with an end point. Once you hit your quota and meet your big fish? You can go home!Follow up and stay in touch.Touching base after you’ve met someone is the classy thing for everyone to do, and it’s easy because you don’t need to do it in person. If you felt you made a weird impression on someone, shoot them an email or a note to keep the door open. Many introverts feel at their most charming when behind the screen. Take the time to type out exactly what you wish you had said.Do it your way.If something feels totally uncomfortable, you can only force yourself out of your comfort zone a little bit. If you try to take giant leaps, or to completely go against your instincts, you’ll be miserable and everyone will be able to tell. Realistically, what are your social limits? Define them for yourself. Then, work within them at first. Once you gain a level of comfort at this first level, slowly branch out. Then do it again. Networking and self-promotion are skills you must nurture and grow- if it takes you longer than your extrovert peers, so be it. You’ll get there.

Socrates theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Socrates theory - Essay Example The next two sections of the line are of the intellectual. The third is lower forms, and the final is higher forms. Plato uses the line to differentiate between what he views as different kinds of objects and ways we can obtain knowledge. Each line gets smaller the higher it goes, and the smaller the line becomes the closer to absolute truth it becomes. To briefly summarize the story of the cave, Plato envisaged people held prisoner within a cave who only saw the shadows of objects carried by a fire. One person briefly escaped from the cave, saw the sun, and returns to tell the other prisoners what was seen. The prisoners respond by threatening the person that briefly escaped if he continued to tell them about the sun. Plato is saying that people are like the prisoners, in that all people see are illusions, shadows of objects passing by a fire. They are seeing the material world, which he believed to be a copy of the higher forms. The person who escaped was able to see the sun, which represented the highest level of truth in this world: "But, whether true or false, my opinion is that in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort; and, when seen, is also inferred to be the universal author of all things beautiful and right, parent of light and of the lord of light in this visible wor ld, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual; and that this is the power upon which he who would act rationally, either in public or private life must have his eye fixed" (Plato). The escaped person's eyes took a while to adjust before they were actually able to see the sun; the person was able to see things at night better first, then reflections in water and such, and then finally objects themselves. This was supposed to represent a gradual increase in the realness of the objects until the sun was able to be seen. When the person went back to the cave and told the other prisoners what he saw, they rejected it. This represents how Plato felt that most people are so used to seeing what they see everyday that they can't comprehend the idea that there is something of a higher truth out there. They've never seen it, and if they've never seen it, then it couldn't possibly exist. Plato was alluding to the fact that he thought that it was dangerous for him and othe r philosophers to tell other people of the truth since most people weren't willing to hear anything of the sort. What Plato didn't realize was that he was in an even larger cave himself. He felt that there was absolute truth, and even though people might not be able to reach it, it still existed in the universe in some shape or form. He thought that because there are things called trees, we can only know that that is a tree because on some higher plane of existence there exists the perfect tree, its original and true form, and that is how people are able to recognize that trees when one is viewed. He felt that true knowledge could only be perceived a priori, and that the physical world was merely a reflection of this true world. A deconstructionist way to argue against this kind of thinking be to would say that there is no such thing as absolute truth, that thinking and language can not be separated, because without language, there is no canvas upon which to paint one's words. This viewpoint would claim that language isn't trying to reflect

Importance of Share Holder Value in any Company Research Paper

Importance of Share Holder Value in any Company - Research Paper Example The shareholder value approaches favorable strategies, by compelling managers to review business strategies based on prospective cash flows. The more company ability to generate cash, the more it can distribute to its shareholders. In short maximizing shareholders, wealth is equivalent to maximizing company’s price In order to attract capital equity easily, many companies focus more on establishing shareholder value. Capital equity is especially sensitive in those companies which are seeking to grow and operates in a risky environment. The profit margin varies from business to business as the nature and size of the business requires different kinds of resources. The business needs resources for its development and each of this development has a cost to bear. No matter what type of business is your need human and financial resources needed to establish it. It is utmost responsibility for the management of any company to provide quality resources at reasonable costs because they play a vital role in the business. Basically, the reduction in costs or expenses leads to the increase in the current income. Increase in current income means high-profit margins. High profits margins bring high yield for the Shareholders in the form of dividends and capital restructuring. It not only strengthens the company’s position but also boost up investor’s confidence. However, it should be considered that the reduction of costs or expenses cannot be incurred over a night. It’s a long and steady process and can be done with continuous management interest and efforts. Another important thing which needs to be considered is that the development of any company needs devotion of higher management. And that’s how it brings fruits to the Shareholders. And Shareholders ripe the benefits of their share in a long way. Many companies try to enhance their shareholders' return or value by risking  the equity base. This results in the loss of the value of its shares.

Strategic management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic management - Case Study Example The Business System Model is responsible for the current level of strategic performance of the company. In order to sustain in the highly competitive retail market, Starbucks has undertaken a comprehensive strategy of integrating its business ethics, values and principles in the area of customer service in order to tap the potentially high market demand. The emotional engagement talks about a third factor introduced by the company called the Starbucks Experience. The customer gets engaged emotionally with the offerings of Starbucks and treats it as the third place to visit after their home and office (Fitzroy and Herbert, 2007, p.48). Starbucks have been able to set up their retails shops in identified locations in the urban areas which can reach the largest number of customers. Apart from this, the current strategies also involve diversification of business to the area of financial services. Findings: external and internal analysis The internal and external analysis of Starbucks has been conducted with the help of analysis of data (given in Appendix) on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company which are internal and external characteristics respectively of the organization. The analysis of the strengths of the company reveals that Starbucks is the largest coffee chain spread all over the world. The company has strong financials and the valuation of the coffee segment is $4billion. Starbucks experience is an influential factor in the business that has driven internal performance of the company to new heights (Hutt and  Speh, 2012, p.29). The Starbucks products are slightly high priced and are aimed at tapping the customers who are willing to pay slightly more for the Starbucks experience. This leads to loss of customer base for Starbucks. The negative publicity of Starbucks is also an area of weakness for the company. Key strategic issues/findings The strategic issues in the business of Starbucks could be found with the help of i nformation of the business and the industry trends (given in the Appendix). The dip in the performance of stock from 2008 to 2009 reveals that inevitable gaps between the business of the company and the industry trends have developed. This has also been reflected in the slowdown of revenues earned from 2008 to 2009 and in the profits earned from 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010. The strategic issues that have been identified in the business of Starbucks are inability to control the rapid expansion of its retail coffee outlets (Jenster, Hayes and  Smith, 2005, p.68). The image of Starbucks have got diluted which was built among the up market consumers over the years. The retail coffee outlets that are competing with each other intensely are also eating up their market shares. This has resulted in the of the Starbucks experience which has led to the decline of Starbucks performance. Evaluation of options The options to reduce the gap between the business performance and the changes dev eloping in the industry could be evaluated with an objective to reduce the gaps in the business per

Doing Business In Latin America

Doing Business In Latin America Introduction Todays world is ever changing. National borders are becoming less important in times of global capital movements, cross-border migration and highly interwoven transnational trade relationships. Globalisation is since the 1990 and the collapse of the bipolar world a well-known phenomenon and it is beyond question that nation states will have to adjust to its influences in the long run. The governmental response has so far been the creation of international free trade agreements and multilateral institutions like the WTO for instance, which are to oversee global trade systems and which also have as their task the liberalization of markets around the world. Advocates of trade liberalization claim that the eradication of trade barriers ultimately leads to an increase in a countries overall wealth, whereas more leftist opponents stress that free trade predominantly benefits multinational corporations and the corporate ruling class. As a matter of fact, States themselves or Governments do not trade. Consequentially, companies and corporation are most likely to benefit from free trade Areas and investment opportunities abroad. However, doing business in third countries underlies varying circumstances. Taxation, environmental regulations, labour standards and investment regulations are factors of production that vary from country to country. For businesses in order to make use of comparative advantages, it is therefore essential to know about the differences between countries in terms of the local business climate. This paper aims at unfolding those differences for three Latin American countries: Mexico, Belize and Cuba. Furthermore, this paper shall function as a guide to companies who are interested in doing business in the Latino Americas and especially in one of the three countries mentioned above. The paper starts with a general economic introduction of the countries in concern. For this purpose, economic data will be analysed. Then in the second part, the document will focus on unravelling differences in terms of business climate and investment opportunities. Lastly, a conclusion will be drawn. 2.0 Introduction to Mexico Mexico lies at the bottom of Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States. It has a population of about 112 million inhabitants. From 1930 to 1970, although starting from a low baseline, Mexico experienced tremendous economic growth. Achievement historians call it El Milagro Mexicano or The Mexican Economic Miracle. The annual economic growth of Mexico hit an average of 3% to 4% during this period, with an estimated annual rate of inflation of 3%. It was not really a miracle however; it was actually a result of the government policy. The policy put an emphasis on primary education which increased the enrollment rate between 1929 and 1949 by 300%. The policy also imposed high tariffs on imported domestic goods, and lastly, the policy publicly invested in agriculture, energy and transportation infrastructure. From the 1940s, foreign immigration into Mexicos cities expanded the countrys urban population. Despite the falling foreign investment of the Great Depression during that period, the economy grew. The assumption of mineral rights and the subsequent nationalization of the oil industry into Pemex during the p residency of Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas del Rà ­o was a widely accepted move. On 1 January 1994, Mexico became a full member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), joining the United States of America and Canada. In 2005, North American economic integration was further strengthened by the signing of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. Mexico has a free market economy that recently entered the trillion-dollar class. It contains a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in sea ports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is one-quarter that of the United States; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the United States and Canada has tripled since the implementation of NAFTA. Mexico has free-trade agreements with more than 40 countries, governing 90% of its foreign commerce. 2.1 State of the Mexican Economy As mentioned before, Mexico has a free market economy in the trillion dollar class. It contains a blend of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Recent administrations have expanded competition in seaports, railroads, telecommunications, electricity generation, natural gas distribution, and airports. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. Trade with the US and Canada has nearly tripled since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994. Mexico has free trade agreements with over 50 countries including, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2007, during its first year in office, the Felipe Calderon administration was able to garner support from the opposition to successfully pass pension and fiscal reforms. The administration passed an energy reform measure in 2008, and another fiscal reform in 2009. Mexicos GDP plunged 6.5% in 2009 as world demand for exports dropped and asset prices tumbled, but GDP is expected to post positive growth late in 2010. The administration continues to face many economic challenges, including improving the public education system, upgrading infrastructure, modernizing labor laws, and fostering private investment in the energy sector. Calderon has stated that his top economic priorities remain reducing poverty and creating jobs. 2.2 Doing business in Mexico In 2004 Mexicos securities market was a tiny fraction of what might be expected for an economy of its size. And while Latin America received 9% of global private equity flows, Mexico, with more than a third of the regions income, received only a tenth of that. More companies were delisting rather than issuing new shares on the Mexican stock exchange. It was time for reform. Mexico overhauled its securities laws, with useful input from stakeholders. A new law attacked self-dealing, a major problem in the country, to better protect investors. Mexico also extended corporate governance obligations to subsidiaries. In addition, listed companies were required to set up committees of independent directors. Changes in the law were enacted to help protect investors and boost their confidence in Mexican markets. Although Mexicos economy took a plunge during the 1996 recession, the worst has passed and Mexicos economy is headed towards a recovery. Mexicos economy depends a lot on the United States; it derives a great deal of income and stability from the United States. When purchases, tourism, hiring, and investment from the United States declines, Mexicos economy declines. If the United States continues to suffer from unemployment, tight credit, and general market instability, Mexico will suffer from the same. If unemployment in the United States soars to 10%, Mexicos unemployment will equally increase to follow suit. A simple solution would of course to break away from the dependence on the American economy but it would not be viable. The American economy is a strong one and instead of breaking away from it, Mexico should instead attract investors from other regions of the world (such as the European Union), so that their economy would not be so tightly tied to just one economy. 4.0 Introduction to Cuba Cuba, an island country, is located in the Gulf of Mexico. Cuba has a population of about 11 million inhabitants, most of them living in the cities of Havana, the nations capital, and Santiago de Cuba. The official language is Spanish. Cuba, like Mexico and most of the Latin American countries, has formerly been a Spanish colony, but managed to gain independence in 1902. In the 1950s the world famous Cuban revolution took place, which changed the political system in Cuba towards a regime based on communist socialism. Fidel Castro, Cubas dictator had close ties to the Soviet Union, which was at the same time the countries mayor trade partner and financial contributor. During the Cold war, Cuba took side of its communist allies and became center of public attention, as Soviet nuclear weapons were placed on Cuban territory during the 60s and the U.S felt threatened by this behaviour. It was due to this incidence that the U.S. imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, which exists in some form up till today. Since the breakdown of the UDSSR, Cuba lost its greatest ally and exports and financial support fell drastically. By now, Fidel Castro who led the Regime for 50 years has been replaced through his brother Raà ºl due to bad health conditions. Rà ¡ul Castro is likely to impose economical and political reforms in the near future in order to open up Cubas economy to investment and international trade. In addition to the world wide economic recession, Cuba suffered in 2008 severe damage due to Hurricanes Ike and Gustav. The Economist estimated the damage to lie around 10 billion US$, an amount that is hard to bear for a country that weak in terms of productivity and economic stability (The Economist, 2008). 4.1 The state of the Cuban Economy Socialism and poor governance have, over the years, hemmed economic development substantially. The countrys annual GDP is with 50 bn comparatively small and close to the poorest 25 % of the worlds countries. Cubas GDP has experienced an unstable development during the last decade (U.S. Department of State, 2010) [3.2 % growth in 2002, 1.4 % in 2001, 3.8 % in 2003, 5.8 % in 2004, 11.2 % in 2005, 12.1 % in 2006, 7.3% in 2007, 4.1 % in 2008, 1.3 % in 2009]. The decline in GDP growth during 2008 and 2007 can be ascribed to the global economic recession and it is apparent that the Cuban economy has been severely hit. According to the an article published by the Guardian, Cuba faces a long, hot summer of discontent. Virtually every key economic indicator is moving in the wrong direction as the global economic slowdown is excerbating deficiencies long been apparent in Cubas economic management (The Guardian, 2009). Cubas GDP per Capita was 4, 450 US$ per year and therewith around 10 times smaller then the capita GDP in the United States. The average monthly salary amounts to 18 $ which would mean that the average Cuban would live of 50 cents a day. As a consequence of this low income, Cubans are obliged to scrimp and hustle on the black market even when things are going relatively well (The Guardian, 2009). However, due to Cubans social policy, citizens receive free food vouchers and other governmental support. About 60 % Cubas labor force, which covers 5 million people, work in the services sector, with tourism being the largest part. The rest of the Cuban workers are either employed within the agricultural sector or the industry with the latter only producing light industrial goods. . The unemployment rate is with 1.7 % considerably low and is in fact the 9th lowest in the world. This , however, cannot be taken as a reliable figure as the socialist government tries to hide away unemployment through public occupation campaigns. The public dept in 2009 amounted to 35 %, according to the CIAs World Fact book (CIA, 2009). Moreover, the industrial production growth rate is declining (-1 % in 2009). Cubas main export partners are China (25 %), Canada (20%), Spain (6%) and the Netherlands (4.53%), importing primarily sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus and coffee. The value of Cubas exports in 2009 was 2.458 billion U.S. $. With imports in comparison being 4 times higher, Cuba runs a steeply negative trade balance. According to the World Fact Book, Cuba mainly imports food, machinery and equipment and chemicals. Summing up, the Cuban economy finds itself in a critical situation and economic reform are utterly necessary to guarantee stable economic growth. Unfortunately, data about Cuba from this years competitiveness index cant be presented here, since neither the World Economic Forum nor the IMF process the Cuban case. 4.2 Doing business in Cuba Since Canada is one of Cubas main trade partners, the Canadian Foreign Ministry releases information on the Cuban business climate as well as import regulations. For U.S. companies, doing business in Cuba is even more complicated as the international relationship still suffers from the trade embargo of the 1960s. Firstly, it turns out that importing can only be undertaken by Cuban government entities and joint ventures holding permits for the specific goods in question. Certain Agents and intermediaries are allowed to handle certain goods, but due to the political regime, these persons are not allowed to import on their own (Government of Canada, 2009). Furthermore, to obtain import licences, Canadian businesses will most likely see themselves forced to cooperate with Cuban partners first before any governmental approval will be issued. For about 4.500 products and commodities Cuba applies its MFN tariff, which is 10.4%. However, for some well protected commodities, Cuba applies a 30 % import tariff. According to the Canadian Government, Entities with foreign partners may be granted duty free status for some or all of those products as part of their economic association or joint venture agreement (2009). Mostly, this clause applies to members of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) in which Canada is not taking part. Canadian exporters are obliged to hire Cuban custom brokers for the carrying out of custom formalities. Moreover, it is essential to fully comply with all regulation and elaborate documentation is furthermore of great importance. According to the Canadian Government, Seemingly minor discrepancies can lead to confiscation of improperly imported goods. Although compliance with these regulations is technically the responsibility of the importer or the agent handling consignment shipments, careful documentation on the part of the shipper will reduce errors and delays (2009). Also, exporters have to comply with labelling, sanitary, phytosanitary and product safety standarts. What is more, due to Cuban investment law, foreign companies will find it difficult to set up representative offices and subsidiaries in Cuba since they are expected to establish a substantial trade relationship with Cuba for at least three years, before being allowed to establisha presence in Cuban national territory (Canadian Government, 2009). Regardless of these restrictions, consignment sales sales in which goods cross the border and are still considered to be owned by the exporter are possible as long as they are covered by a contract for sales of merchandise imported on consignment. Summing up, one can see that doing Business in Cuba is complicated in most of the instances we have addressed here. The Cuban government has to restructure its economy and especially open it up for foreign investment since foreign investment is one crucial factor for economic growth of a country.

War from 18th Century Naval Capabilities to the War of 1812 :: essays research papers

WAR FROM 18TH CENTURY NAVAL CAPABILITIES TO THE WAR OF 1812   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The English Navy has to obviously be strong to protect an island, and had already been tested against sea powers of Spain and the Netherlands. France, which was not susceptible to an attack from the water, began to build it’s naval fleet and became a threat to the English merchant vessels. England began to realize the importance of having a strategy through an allied coalition in which their greatest contribution to the alliance would be though sea power and the four elements of the merchant marines, a struggling navy, strategic materials, and good offshore bases.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eager French divided naval forces into two fleets: Mediterranean and Atlantic. In an effort to stop the French from maintaining trade routes, the English enacted the â€Å"Rule of 1756† which prohibited anyone from taking over the French trade routes in time of war, but would continue to subsidize the German raiders. The French tactic at sea was to try and get ahead of the superior English vessels and fire while moving forward to increase the range of each round; once the ship was disabled, the French would then flee or turn and destroy. The English preferred a straightforward approach, which sometimes meant to move within pistol range in order to increase the accuracy of their weapons. Both sides agreed that they needed to improve accuracy as well as the rate of fire. It was British tenacity as well as strong naval traditions that allowed the island country to survive and be the strongest empire that the western world had ever known.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In America the two groups of populations from England and France were not religiously yoked together. The French stood strong with Catholicism and the English were not going to be bound by the laws of the Catholic Church any longer. As far as fighting skills, the French had a leg up when it came to wilderness warfare. The French worked closely with the Indian population and learned a great deal about how to live off of the land while being employed by it as well, for example as a trapper. The English on the other hand took to the fields of the new world to become farmers, and many of them had to be taught how to shoot a weapon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the idea of revolution the streets, which had spawned from texts like Common Sense, the individual new states were forced to fight independently against England.

Prison system of the 18th and the early 19th century Essay

In the early 1800’s, state prisoner were leased to Florida companies where they were often worked as slave labor. Mart Taber was a young prisoner convicted of stealing a ride on a freight train. He died as a result of the brutal treatment administered by a lumber company boss to whom he was leased. The prison system of the 1800’s and the early 1900’s was based on cruel and inhumane treatment. Punishment was very tragic. The prisoners were treated as animal and consider less of inhuman because of their lawlessness. They were made to right the wrongs that they have committed either trough physical pain, endure mutilation, torture, mulcted in fines, deprive of liberty, adjudges as slave or even put to death. The American prison as we know began in New York in the early 19th century. â€Å"Reformation† was the goal of the founders of the system. During the colonial period and in the early years of the nation, long-term imprisonment was not a common form of punishment in prison. Instead, execution was the prescribed penalty for a wide range of offenses. People who committed less serious offenses faced public punishment such as pillorying, whipping and maiming. At the beginning of the 19th century, imprisonment had replaced public punishment and execution as a form of punishment for most crimes, except murder and treason. The early places of imprisonment ranged from wood frame houses to copper mine, such as the Connecticut prison in 1790. Then, in the early 19th century two concepts of imprisonment were introduced in New York and Pennsylvania, including what the structures should look like and how they should be operated, â€Å"Few people had any idea what the structures should look like or how they should be administered.† (The Evolution of the New YorkPrison System, Part I. Page1) These institutions were not only meant to be houses of convicted criminals, they also had the objective of reforming inmates into temperate, industrious, hard-working citizens and return them to their societies as new men. Sentences were long enough to allow the prison system its program of reformation. In Pennsylvania, the prison system of reformation was to separate the inmate and provide him with a small room and a exercise area totally isolated from  the human companionship â€Å"Only in the purity of complete isolation could be the corruption be overcome and the restoration of faith and honesty be attained† (The Evolution of the New YorkPrison System, Part I. Page2) After an appropriate period of total isolation and inactivity, the prisoner was allowed to small bits of handicraft work and a Bible in his cell. The inmate was not allowed to see another prisoner. The founders of the prison system believed that isolation was the only way for a prisoner is rehabilitated. Prison system of the 18th and early 19th century left a reasonable quantity of dead prisoners and also physical abuse to the inmate. The crime that any prisoner has committed doesn’t justify the cruel and inhumane treatment they receive in jail. If the founders of the prison system from that time of period wouldn’t have been so cruel, they would had avoid so many death and people being maltreated. Instead of merciless punishment they should had given them social work as their sentence and should had taken advantage from the prisoners keeping in mind that they are human beings.

Analysis of Mastering Management Example

Analysis of Mastering Management Example Analysis of Mastering Management – Assignment Example ï » ¿Mastering Management The results of the two different emotional intelligence tests were nearly equal. The textbook assessment indicated a score of 83, which was on the high end of the second quartile. The online assessment from queendom.com provided me with a score of 79. The online emotional intelligence test was a bit more sophisticated than the textbook as it asked for perceptions of images of people experiencing emotions in certain social situations. This might explain the slightly lower score. However, it is very clear based on the results that I have a high emotional intelligence as compared to average scores. I have always been very good at figuring out how people are feeling in certain situations simply by listening to their tone of voice, watching body language, and using active listening to understand what is being said. Many times in my personal life, people have told me that I am very in tune with their feelings and do a good job of showing empathy. I also believe that I am quite good at controlling my emotional responses, especially in professional versus social situations. Therefore, I am not very surprised by the results of either EI assessment. The tolerance of ambiguity scale returned a score of 63. This is the top quartile and much higher than average. What this means, according to the results, is that I would not like a job with a great deal of risk or uncertainty. Some jobs that would not be good choices based on the scores would be freelancing, stock market brokering, or likely even health care services since they are often unpredictable and different each day. Comfortable jobs would be those with high security and less risk such as a laboratory technician, financial auditor, or any other job with very strict rules and predictable pay scales. The locus of control assessment returned a score of three, which was in the second quartile. With such a low score, it means that I have an internalized locus of control. This is very much how I view myself. I often take responsibility for my own destiny and believe that it is up to me to set goals and meet success. I do not believe that others in my environment have much control over my future and I will often work around people who are negative to achieve positive results. Having a low score in the locus of control would be very beneficial in the workplace. Managers need to be role models in order to gain attention and loyalty from followers. By showing others that you can master your own fate, it will inspire others to try to adopt these behaviors. Coaching and mentoring would be very positive traits in management since the internal locus of control would continue to reinforce self-esteem and self-sufficiency in their job roles. It would also help to improve team performance and reduce conflict by showing others that they can be independent and not use excuses about another’s poor performance for team failures.

Alterations in Renal Function quiz Essays - Syndromes, Free Essays

Alterations in Renal Function quiz Essays - Syndromes, Free Essays Week 4 : Alterations in Renal Function - Quiz 4 Time Remaining: Page 2 Question 1.1. What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? (Points : 2) 1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) 1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells) 1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells) 1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells) Question 2.2. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? (Points : 2) IL1 and IL-6 IL-2 and TNF- IFN and IL-12 TNF- and IL-4 Question 3.3. Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? (Points : 2) Bacteria Fungi Viruses Yeasts Question 4.4. What is the life span of platelets (in days)? (Points : 2) 10 30 90 120 Question 5.5. Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? (Points : 2) Adrenal cortex Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Limbic system Question 6.6. Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? (Points : 2) A B C D Question 7.7. The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes? (Points : 2) Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III (AT-III) Preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin Shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot Degrading the fibrin within blood clots Question 8.8. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? (Points : 2) Neutrophils Monocytes Eosinophils T lymphocytes Question 9.9. The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? (Points : 2) Right-to-left blood shunting Left-to-right blood shunting Blood flow from the umbilical cord Blood flow to the lungs Question 10.10. Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? (Points : 2) Aplastic Sideroblastic Anemia of chronic disease Iron deficiency Question 11.11. Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infants: (Points : 2) High body surfacetobody size ratio Slow metabolic rate Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses Inability to communicate adequately when he or she is thirsty Question 12.12. Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: (Points : 2) Vagus nerve Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Question 13.13. Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves? (Points : 2) Peripheral nerves Parasympathetic fibers Sympathetic nervous system Tenth thoracic nerve roots Question 14.14. Where are antibodies produced? (Points : 2) Helper T lymphocytes Thymus gland Plasma cells Bone marrow Question 15.15. An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? (Points : 2) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect Question 16.16. The coronary ostia are located in the: (Points : 2) Left ventricle Aortic valve Coronary sinus Aorta Question 17.17. The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer? (Points : 2) Ovarian Uterine Cervical Vaginal Question 18.18. What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement? (Points : 2) To evaluate the cause of hypoxia To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration To measures the gas diffusion rate at the alveolocapillary membrane To determine pH and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations Question 19.19. An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? (Points : 2) IgG IgM IgA IgE Question 20.20. Which statement is true concerning the IgM? (Points : 2) IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. IgM mediates many common allergic responses. IgM is the most abundant class of immunoglobulins. IgM is capable of crossing the human placenta. Question 21.21. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? (Points : 2) Cells have broken through the local basement membrane. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia. Question 22.22. Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? (Points : 2) Retropharyngeal abscess Laryngospasms Rupturing of the tonsils Gagging induced aspiration Question 23.23. What is

Islamic poltical sceince and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islamic poltical sceince and culture - Essay Example slim immigrants groups up to form the greater terrorism network that keep expanding with increasing following and agents assigned in different countries (Cesari 87). This is the case of France which in recent past experienced violence perpetrated by Muslims affiliated terror groups against the Jews institutions. Some outlawed groups like Salafist influence in mosques and prayer rooms in France and enumerated 541 activists is seen as their infringement on security rules hence resistance towards integration.The 9/11 terror attack in the US has equally portray Muslims as a threat to peace and security hence the challenges of integration experienced by the Muslims community (Cesari 87). The societies in western nations practice liberal lifestyle that significantly diverges from the Muslim culture which is more reserved. In USA for instance, the young generation leads a very vibrant secular lifestyle and this is likely to compromise their observation of the Muslim conservatives. The Muslim immigrant community living US has therefore found it really challenging to integrate in the big social culture of the liberal society. This is one major obstacle posed by the receiving society against the efforts of integration by the

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

ART - Essay Example The flower vessel has got a lid or rather covering with the same decorations as those of the pot itself. This cube and the flower pot are placed on the extreme left of the picture. The second cube is placed on a large square of the same colour (light blue). Just like the first cube, this second cube is also placed on the brown wooden floor. Unlike the first cube, this cube is brightly illuminated of the three cubes and is at the central part of the photograph. On top of it are five dolls and a vase of flowers. The flowers are of various colours, ranging from pink to white. The first doll on the left hand side is bigger and taller than the others and looks like that of a middle-aged lady. She has white and pink flowers on her dark hair and she seems to be holding a bunch of flowers on her left hand .The second doll is small and is that of an old lady who appears to be sited down. She has got blue top with white sleeves and a pink dress. Next to this doll is another doll of an old man, maybe the same age with this lady and has got a grey fully grown beard. He is wearing a green top with khaki bright-brown trousers. He is also sited down. Next to these two dolls are two children whose sex is not very clear. The one next to the old man is dressed in purple top and bright-brown trousers as well. The next doll is dressed in pink top and brown trousers. These two appear to be in good moods and they appear like they are hugging and kissing. They are all sited except for the first one who is standing in what appears to be a green mat. At the background is a very clear reflection from the bright lighting and a shadow of this cube, the dolls and the flowers. Next to this is the last cube which is identical to the first one only that it is dimly illuminated and therefore its colour appears a little bit dull. On top is a flower

Different representations of constituents of significant plot points Essay

Different representations of constituents of significant plot points in the moral choices as centre stage in the Stagecoach and The Player films - Essay Example These different films present moral choices in very different ways. For example, in the Stagecoach and The Player films, moral choices are at the centre stage in the development of their plots. However, the constituents of their significant plots and the moral choices are represented differently. This paper discusses the way these constituents and the moral choices are represented differently in these two films. The Player (1992) is an American film that belongs to a satirical genre and directed by Altman Robert. The film is based on Michael Tolkin’s screen play based on his 1988 novel by the name The Player. The film recounts a chilling story of Hollywood studio executive who kills a screenwriter after suspecting that he could be the one sending him death threats. The film’s plot is strewn with a series of instances when characters are required to make moral choices. Stagecoach (1939) is adapted by John Ford from Ernest Haycox’s short story ‘the stage to Lordsburg.† The story recounts a journey of strangers riding on a Stagecoach that passes via a precarious apache territory in New Mexico. Among the strangers are a prostitute called Dallas who is being driven from the town by members of the law and order league, an alcoholic doctor alongside a pregnant woman traveling to see her cavalry officer husband and a whiskey salesman. In their dangerous escapade to L ordsburg, the travelers contend with situations where moral choice is inevitable. In the film The Player, Griffin Mill had to make a quick moral choice when his life was threatened. He searched the person who was putting his life at danger to kill him. While they were fighting, he lost the game and decided to kill David Kahane, and he succeeded and got away with it. In the start of the film Stagecoach, Lucy Mallory is boarding a Stagecoach alongside a prostitute Dallas and an alcoholic doctor Doc Boone. She is warned by her friends not to travel along the two evil people. She had to make a moral choice to sacrifice her love for her husband or to avoid being associated with ‘those creatures.’ Lucy was heavily pregnant to take such a risk and was advised by Curley not to take the trip in her status, but she insisted that if her husband is in danger, she wanted to be with him, and it was as she resolved. These two scenes are different in the way each presents moral choice concept (Dudley 51), but they function to kick start significant plots in the two films. In The Player, Griffin Mill, when he was threatened by a rattle snake realized that he was attracted to June, the girlfriend to David Kahane, whom he killed. He had to make a choice to take her and have David’s thoughts haunting him or go against his pleasure pressures and betray his passions. On the other hand, June was aware that Griffin Mill was a chief suspect for having killed her former boyfriend, David Kahane; but she was in love with him and had to make a moral choice to marry a suspect murderer to her boyfriend or stay without a boyfriend and a husband. In a similar plot scene in the film Stagecoach, Dallas was also in a situation to make a moral choice when Ringo proposed to marry her. She was to choose to risk marrying him, or refuse in fear of her checkered past as a prostitute. In the following morning, Ringo had to choice to give up his revenge for plummers and marry Dallas or lose Dallas and avenge by fighting plummers. Both scenes serve to develop a plot in which moral choices are at the centre of the characters, but in a very different way. Moreover, at one point, Bonnie in the film The